Providing real-time bus information (e.g. current situation of an arriving bus) to passengers is becoming increasingly possible with the development of transportation information technology, such as intelligent transport systems. When multiple routes can reach a given destination, real-time information could be an important reference for passengers' decisionmaking regarding which bus to board. This paper presents a method for predicting passengers' boarding choice behaviours on common bus lines at a bus hub with real-time information. To account for the uncertainty in the decision-making process, cloud model theory, which is based on fuzzy sets, was adopted. Data from a bus hub in Dalian city of China are also presented to illustrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that providing real-time information could lead to a deviation from passengers' typical choices that are made without real-time information. The proposed model effectively predicts passenger's boarding choices and could be used to improve bus-dispatching models in the future.
Keywords: Layered rock salt, compress and shear load, interface crack, extended finite element method (XFEM).Abstract. In order to study the effects of interlayer strength, interface strength and interface dip angle on the propagation of interface crack in layered salt rock subjected to compress and shear load, traction-separation cohesive behavior is introduced within the framework of extended finite element method (XFEM) to simulate the crack propagation. The Abaqus software is used to simulate the process of crack propagation in layered salt rock with tilted interface and under uniaxial compression. The stimulation results indicate that new cracks which deviate from original crack will appear under compress and shear load. The influences of interlayer type and interface strength on interface crack are mainly in terms of crack length. Meanwhile, the length and initiation angle of crack are both influenced by interface dip angle. The crack length in layered salt rock containing weak interlayer is larger than that of salt rock containing hard interlayer. The increase of interface strength will lead to the increased crack length, while the increased inclination of interface will shorten the length and crack initiation angle.
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