Objective During the lockdown of cities and home quarantine, media became the only way for people to conveniently get coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-related information. And media engagement was closely related to psychological outcomes. But fewer researchers took COVID-19-related posting behaviors into consideration. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining the differences in psychological outcomes between people who posted COVID-19-related content on social media and those who did not.Methods The present study included 917 participants (304 males, 613 females) who had answered the questionnaires of media engagement, positive affect, negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, satisfaction with life, death anxiety, and meaning in life.Results Results of t-tests showed that the Post group had lower levels of negative affect, anxiety, stress, and death anxiety than the Not Post (Npost) group. Network comparison tests indicated that the Npost group’s network and the Post group’s network differed in global strength, two edge-weights, and node centrality indices.Conclusion The results indicated that more attention should be paid to people who did not post any COVID-19-related content, especially when they have higher levels of stress and depression to prevent comorbidities. And for people who posted content, more attention should be paid when they have a higher level of negative affect.
BACKGROUND The increase in tobacco/conventional cigarette (CC) and electronic cigarette (EC) usage among Chinese youth has become a growing public health concern. This is the first large-scale study to compare the impact of CC and EC usage on risk for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality in cis-heterosexual and sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth populations in China. OBJECTIVE This study examines the CC and EC risks for NSSI and suicidality among Chinese youth and compares the extent to which SGM and cis-heterosexual youth’s risks for NSSI and suicidality are influenced by their CC and EC usage and dependence. METHODS A total of 89,342 Chinese participants completed a cross-sectional self-report survey in 2021. Sociodemographic information, sexual orientations, gender identities, CC and EC usage, CC and EC dependence, and risks for suicidality and NSSI were assessed. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test and chi-square test were performed for nonnormally distributed continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively. The multivariable linear regression model was used to examine both the influence of CC and EC usage and CC and EC dependence on NSSI and suicidality as well as the interaction effects of CC and EC usage and CC and EC dependence on NSSI and suicidality by group. RESULTS The prevalence of CC usage (<i>P</i><.001) and dependence (<i>P</i><.001) among SGM participants was lower than that among their cis-heterosexual counterparts. However, the prevalence of EC usage (<i>P</i>=.03) and EC dependence (<i>P</i><.001) among SGM participants was higher than that among their cis-heterosexual counterparts. The multivariable linear regression model showed that CC dependence and EC dependence had a unique effect on NSSI and suicidality (CCs: B=0.02, <i>P</i><.001; B=0.09, <i>P</i><.001; ECs: B=0.05, <i>P</i><.001; B=0.14, <i>P</i><.001, respectively). The interaction effects of (1) CC usage and group type on NSSI and suicidality (B=0.34, <i>P</i><.001; B=0.24, <i>P</i>=.03, respectively) and dual usage and group type on NSSI and suicidality (B=0.54, <i>P</i><.001; B=0.84, <i>P</i><.001, respectively) were significant, (2) CC dependence and group type on NSSI were significant (B=0.07, <i>P</i><.001), and (3) EC dependence and group type on NSSI and suicidality were significant (B=0.04, <i>P</i><.001; B=0.09, <i>P</i><.001, respectively). No significant interaction effect was observed between EC usage and group type on NSSI and suicidality (B=0.15, <i>P</i>=.12; B=0.33, <i>P</i>=.32, respectively) and between CC dependence and group type on suicidality (B=–0.01, <i>P</i>=.72). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows evidence of intergroup differences in NSSI and suicidality risks between SGM and cis-heterosexual youth related to CC and EC usage. These findings contribute to the growing literature on CC and EC in cis-heterosexual and SGM populations. Concerted efforts are necessary at a societal level to curb the aggressive marketing strategies of the EC industry and media coverage and to maximize the impact of educational campaigns on EC prevention and intervention among the youth population.
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