Background: Pulsatilla (P.) chinensis is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has antibacterial effect. It is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and other diseases. The P. chinensis is composed of some potent antibacterial substances including protoanemonin, saponin, oleanolic acid. The study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of P. chinensis towards staphlococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi. Methods:This was an experimental descriptive study that was conducted in July 2014 using two methods, diffusion and dilution method. In diffusion method, 5 holes were made on the agar that bacteria were growing and different concentrations of P. chinensis infusion were placed in different hole. The inhibitory effect was measured by the inhibition zone. In dilution method, 8 test tubes with decreasing concentration of P. chinensis infusion were mixed with the bacteria suspension and Mueller Hinton Solution. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured by the last clear test tube. The test tube with solution that showed absence of bacteria on culture indicated the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: In diffusion method, P. chinensis infusion showed inhibitory effect towards S. aureus and bacteriostatic effect towards S. dysenteriae and S. typhi. In dilution method, there was no antibacterial activity detected.
AbstrakMedia pembenihan isolasi yang umumnya digunakan adalah media sintetik yang diimpor dan harganya mahal. Banyak bahan organik yang secara alamiah mengalami pemecahan senyawa organik kompleks menjadi senyawa sederhana oleh mikrob. Berdasarkan pemikiran inilah, peneliti mencoba membuat media isolasi dengan bahan dasar limbah air kelapa tua, sehingga dapat menjadi pertimbangan sebagai media yang lebih ekonomis. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratorik dengan mengisolasi bakteri uji menggunakan media berbahan dasar air kelapa tua. Media air kelapa tua dikomposisikan menyerupai komposisi agar MacConkey dan lempeng agar darah (LAD). Media standar yang digunakan adalah agar MacConkey dan LAD. Media kontrol yang digunakan adalah media agar 15 g/L dan media agar air kelapa tua. Bakteri yang diuji adalah beberapa spesies Enterobacteriaceae dan kokus gram positif. Variabel yang dinilai adalah gambaran makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Wilcoxon matched pairs test dan sign test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna (p>0,05) antara media standar dan media air kelapa tua. Gambaran spesifik dari bakteri uji seperti koloni berwarna merah, gambaran mukoid, dan zona hemolitik tampak serupa antara media standar dan media air kelapa tua. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah air kelapa tua dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar media isolasi Enterobacteriaceae dan kokus gram positif. [MKB. 2011;43(3):117-21].Kata kunci: Agar MacConkey, air kelapa tua, isolasi, lempeng agar darah, media Using Ripe Coconut Waste-Water as Base for Isolation Media Substance AbstractThe culture media commonly used for isolation are imported and expensive. Many organic materials are naturally decomposed from complex organic compounds to simple ones by microbes. Based on this principles, this study wants to make isolation media with ripe coconut waste-water as based substance, so it can be considered as economical culture media. The method was laboratoric experimental by isolating tested bacteria with ripe coconut waste-water as based substance. The composition of the media were adjusted with MacConkey agar and blood agar base. Standard media were MacConkey agar and blood agar base. Control media were agar 15 g/L media and ripe coconut waste-water agar media. Tested bacteria were a number species of Enterobacteriaceae and positive gram cocci. The evaluated variables were macroscopic and microscopic images. Data was analized by Wilcoxon matched pairs test and sign test methods. This study did not find a significant differences (p>0.05) between standard media and ripe coconut waste-water media. Specific characteristics of tested bacteria, such as red colonies, mucoid, and hemolitic zone, were similar between standard media and ripe coconut waste-water media. The conclusion is ripe coconut waste-water can be used as base for isolation media substance of Enterobacteriaceae and gram positive cocci. [MKB. 2011;43(3):117-21].
Fungus easily grows in the plateau area with warm moist air. The fungus can enter and contaminate mosque rooms, especially on the surface of prayer rugs. If pathogenic fungi grow on prayer rugs, they can increase the health risk of those who come into contact with them. This research aimed to detect and identify pathogenic fungi on prayer rugs of the mosques in Jatinangor campus of Universitas Padjadjaran using laboratoric descriptive method. The data was collected by sampling of dust from the surface of prayer rugs, fungal culturing and mold identification. The existence of pathogenic fungi has been investigated and observed in twenty-eight samples of thirty mosques using simple random sampling. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar was the chosen medium to grow pathogenic fungi. We found fungal growth in all samples with a total of 8 fungal species (Alternaria spp, Aspergillus spp, Candida spp, Fonsecaea spp, Mucor spp, Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp, Rhodotorula spp) which are opportunistic fungi; however, no pathogenic fungi were found.Keywords : pathogenic fungi, prayer rugs, fungus, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp.
Background: Water is essential for life and is considered as a medium for the propagation and dissemination of bacteria. Water-borne disease is one of the problems in Indonesia, therefore, this study was conducted to explore the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in the beverages sold by hawkers. Methods: A descriptive laboratory method was conducted in September 2015 Beverages were collected from hawkers that were randomly chosen around Jatinangor using sterile containers, and brought to the laboratory within 1 hour. The beverages were incubated on Mueller Hinton Broth, followed by culturing on MacConkey Agar. The organisms were identified using Gram Staining, Kliger Test, Motility-Indole-Urease test and Citrate test. Results: Out of 30 samples collected, 2 of the samples were tested positive for enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella paratyphi. Furthermore, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=12), Enterobacterspp (n=10) Alcaligenes faecalis (n=3) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=3) were detected in the samples. Conclusions: The Salmonella paratyphi as enteric bacterial pathogen found in the beverages sold by hawkers has potential to cause water-borne disease. Education to hawkers need to be enhanced.
Background: Incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common in intensive care unit (ICU). This pneumonia, becomes important due to its association to increased length of hospital stay, increased costs, and increased mortality. Irrational administration of antibiotics can lead to development of bacterial resistance. The objective of this study was to describe the pattern of bacteria and the susceptibility of VAP patients. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to 10 medical records of VAP patients in the ICU at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in January-June 2014. Microbiological culture results and antibiotics susceptibility testing of patients' sputum were identified and the collected data were analyzed in form of tables and percentages by using a computer program.
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