Particle reinforced titanium matrix composites have attracted increasing attention to fabricate key components in the aerospace field. Grinding process, as a precision machining method, has been widely adopted to guarantee the desired machining quality. However, poor machining quality and severe tool wear are inevitable for the conventional grinding (CG) process, resulting from the presence of reinforced particles and fibers. In addition, the material removal characteristics and ground surface quality are significantly affected by the undeformed chip thickness (UCT). In this case, a radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) device was fabricated, and the associated UCT model was established in views of the actual exposure height of grains, the number of dynamic grains, and the intermittent grinding of abrasive grains. The UCT model was then modified on the basis of ground surface roughness. Results showed that the maximum error of the UCT was 9.5% compared with the developed model and experimental value, and the UCT in UVAG reached 15–20 times compared with that in the CG process. Moreover, the influence of grinding depth on the UCT was not monotonous, and the UCT was the smallest when the grinding depth was approximately 60 µm.
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