Conventional lithium-ion batteries, with flammable organic liquid electrolytes, have seriouss afety problems, which greatly limit their application.A ll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have received extensive attention from large-scale energy-storage fields,s uch as electric vehicles (EVs) and intelligent powerg rids, due to their benefits in safety,e nergy density,a nd thermostability.A st he key component of ASSBs, solid electrolytes determine the properties of ASSBs. In past decades, various kinds of solid electrolytes, such as polymers and inorganic electrolytes, have been explored.Amongt hese candidates, organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) that integrate the advantages of these two differente lectrolytes have been regarded as promising electrolytes for high-performanceA SSBs, and extensive studies have been carried out. Herein,r ecent progress in organic-inorganic CSEs is summarized in terms of the inorganic component, electrochemical performance, effects of the inorganicc eramic nanostructure, and ionic conducting mechanism. Finally,t he main challenges and perspectiveso fo rganic-inorganic CSEs are highlighted for future development.

Developing novel techniques to convert lignin into sustainable chemicals and functional materials is a critical route toward the high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Lignin-derived carbon materials hold great promise for applications in energy and chemical engineering, catalysis and environmental remediation. In this review, the state-of-art sciences and technologies for controllable synthesis of lignin-derived carbon materials are summarized, pore structure engineering, crystalline engineering, and morphology controlling methodologies are thoroughly outlined and critically discussed. Green chemical engineering with cost-effectiveness and precise carbonization tuning microstructure are future research trends of lignin-derived carbon materials. Future research directions that could be employed to advance lignin-derived carbon materials toward commercial applications are then proposed.

No abstract

Lignin is the most abundant by-product from the pulp and paper industry as well as the second most abundant natural renewable biopolymer after cellulose on earth. In recent years, transforming unordered and complicated lignin into ordered and uniform nanoparticles has attracted wide attention due to their excellent properties such as controlled structures and sizes, better miscibility with polymers, and improved antioxidant activity. In this review, we first introduce five important technical lignin from different sources and then provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress of preparation techniques which are involved in the fabrication of various lignin-based nanoparticles and their industrial applications in different fields such as drug delivery carriers, UV absorbents, hybrid nanocomposites, antioxidant agents, antibacterial agents, adsorbents for heavy metal ions and dyes, and anticorrosion nanofillers.

Sulfonated lignin obtained from pulping waste liquor is a nontoxic and renewable polymer that can be used as a dispersant in the dyeing industry. In order to reveal the effect of the lignin dispersant's molecular weights on disperse dye, three hydroxypropyl sulfonated alkali lignin (HSL) samples with different molecular weights were obtained by controlling the dosage of etherification to cross-link lignin molecules. The molecular weight of HSL can be adjusted from 8,100 to 14,830 Da. More than 80% of phenolic hydroxyl groups of HSL samples were blocked by etherification compared to that of AL and which decrease with increasing molecular weight. The increasing molecular weight of HSL causes a considerable reduction in the staining effect of HSL on fiber since the adsorption amount of HSL on the fiber decreases by reducing the phenolic hydroxyl group. HSL with M w of 11,020 Da contains 2.10 mmol•g −1 of the sulfonic group and as low as 0.46 mmol•g −1 of the phenolic hydroxyl group (compared to 2.32 mmol•g −1 of AL), providing excellent dispersive ability and high temperature stability on dye. More importantly, the dye uptake with added HSL with M w of 11,020 Da is the highest of 85.17% among all dispersants here. Therefore, the etherification modification is a promising approach to increase the molecular weight of lignin and for widespread applications of lignin as a highly efficient dye dispersant.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract