Purpose Indonesia was chosen to be a site of study on leadership style due to its high economic growth potential. The primary objectives of this study are twofold. This paper aims to, first, explore the leadership styles of Indonesian managers and investigate whether the full range leadership theory by Bass (1985), i.e. transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership, is applicable in the Indonesian context and second, investigate whether there are differences in leadership styles among Indonesian managers, as Indonesian people are composed of over 300 ethnicities. Design/methodology/approach Respondents were asked to rate their direct bosses on leadership and their perceived performance on an multifactor leadership questionnaire. In all, 425 Indonesian managers participated in the study. Multiple regression and t-test were used to address the above research questions. Findings Results indicated that the full range leadership theory is applicable in the Indonesian context, in which Indonesian people generally rate their superiors who use transformational leadership higher than those who use transactional and laissez-faire leadership. Ethnic differences in leadership style were found between that of Padang and Javanese and of Padang and Chinese. Padang managers, whose cultural values are quite unique, seem to practice more transformational leadership and contingent reward, which is a positive reinforcement in transactional leadership. Research limitations/implications Common method bias may occur due to the single source of data, i.e. subordinates. The confidentiality of the survey helps reduce the bias as subordinates could evaluate their bosses in a true manner. In addition, categorizing ethnicities among Indonesians is not an easy task. A finer distinction of ethnicities is certainly needed in future research. Practical implications The results are useful for human resource department in selecting the potential leaders, as transformational leaders are generally more preferable. In addition, the findings shed some light on the effective leadership styles of Indonesian managers perceived by their subordinates. Originality/value One major theoretical contribution of this study is a proof of the applicability of the full range leadership theory by Bass (1985) in Indonesian work setting. It confirms the extension of the theory’s universality. A unique theoretical contribution of this study is its being the first study that addresses the ethnic differences in leadership style in Indonesia.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the current practices of leadership in Directorate General of Taxes, one of the public sectors in Indonesia. This study is also to determine the leadership style that is expected by employees. Respondents that were involved in this study were 550 Account Representatives and 68 Head of Supervision and Consultation Section from 17 Tax Offices (KPP) in the DKI Jakarta region. This study used a qualitative content analysis method. The results revealed that the current practices of leadership was the paternalistic leadership with the benevolent leadership dimension as the most widely displayed and considered as successful behavior. Meanwhile, leadership failure was due to lack of displayed the visible leadership dimensions and many displayed the authoritarian leadership dimension. The results also revealed a strong preference for paternalistic leadership with benevolent leadership dimension as the most expected behavior.
In the era of constant connectivity, using the internet for personal purposes during working hours may become counterproductive. However, surfing for a few minutes could be stress reliever for employees. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze motivation of cyberloafers among Indonesian employees across generations. Data gathered from 313 respondents was analyzed using descriptive and chi-square analysis. Major findings of this study were that the three generations cyberloafed during office hours, but in different amounts of time and different motivation. Gen Y had a tendency to blend internet for task-personal purposes at work; whereas Gen X and Baby Boomers merely used the internet for task completion. Cyberloafing is not only the result of the employees being counterproductive, but also management failure in implementing internet policy and giving sanctions consistently.Hence, it is recommended that organizations should promote a culture of hard work by giving challenging targets with attractive incentives.
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