ObjectiveCognitive comorbidities are common in epilepsy; however, symptomatic treatment is currently the only available effective therapy. Sleep, cognition, and epilepsy are closely associated. Therefore, many studies on epilepsy and cognition have focused on sleep structures, such as sleep spindles, which are considered windows to understanding the sleeping brain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep spindles and the severity of cognitive impairment in adult epilepsy.MethodsFifty‐seven adults with epilepsy underwent overnight sleep electroencephalogram recordings and cognitive testing. Slow (9–12 Hz) and fast (12–15 Hz) spindle characteristics during N2 sleep were calculated using a convolutional neural network‐based sleep staging system and automatic spindle detection algorithm. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in fast and slow spindle densities among subgroups of patients based on cognitive impairment severity.ResultsA significant between‐group effect was observed for both slow and fast spindle densities. Multiple comparisons showed that slow and fast spindle densities of the severe cognitive impairment subgroup were lower than those of the noncognitive impairment subgroup (P < 0.05). Simple‐effect analysis revealed differences in slow spindle density distributed among the EEG channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, P4, O1, O2, F8, T4, T5, T6, Fz, and Cz (P < 0.05). Differences in fast spindle density were distributed among the channels Fp1, Fp2, F3, C3, O1, O2, F7, F8, T4, T5, T6, and Fz (P < 0.05).SignificanceSignificant differences in topographical distribution of fast and slow spindle densities were observed at the scalp level among patients with different cognitive statuses. Compared with patients with no cognitive impairment, those with severe cognitive impairment had lower slow and fast spindle densities over multiple scalp regions during N2 sleep. This study provides a reference for objective assessment of cognitive dysfunction in epilepsy patients.
Purpose: To examine the risk factors (RFs), associated with Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), and the quantitative standards required to measure them Methods: The literature on RFs associated with SUDEP was systematically reviewed up to August 2020 in databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Database and Embase. Revised Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was performed to determine the quality of each study in this meta-analysis (MA), with a score of ≥ 3, indicating good quality. Any controversies in data extraction and quality assessment were resolved through counsel or adjudication with a third researcher. Results: An initial screening of the literature following the search strategy and manual inclusion yielded a total of 767 studies. After excluding duplicates as well as articles that did not match the topic, 112 studies remained. Twenty-nine studies were finally selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After a careful review of the full text, nine studies were included in the MA. Conclusion: The five RFs for SUDEP included age at the onset of epilepsy ≤15 years, generalized-tonic-clonic seizure, seizure frequency ≥50 seizures/year, treatment with a combination of multiple antiepileptic drugs, and history of alcohol abuse.
Backgroud Japanese encephalitis is a kind of central nervous system infectious disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted through mosquito[1].Most patients with JE are acute onset and critically ill, with high fever, disturbance of consciousness, epilepsy, abnormal mental behavior, cognitive impairment, and positive meningeal irritation. Case presentation A 15-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with acute febrile illness,headache,jet vomiting,disorder of consciousness,diagnosed as central nervous system (CNS) infection. According to the characteristics of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the patient was initially diagnosed with meningoencephalitis and took antituberculosis treatment.However,subsequent magnetic resonance images(MRI) did not match the performance of typical tuberculous meningoencephalitis.Further laboratory testing for infections was conducted. JE was confirmed by the Disease Control Center of Lanzhou City through the detection of Japanese encephalitis IgM antibodies in both blood and CSF of the patients.After diagnosis of JE, the patient was provided the treatment of Human immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone therapy.After 3 weeks, the patient was transferred to the department of rehabilitation medicine to continue treatment. After 3 months and 6 months of follow-up, the patient recovered and the FIM score were 126, which were completely independent. Conclusion Given the similar clinical manifestations of Japanese encephalitis and other types of encephalitis, it is essential to enhance the awareness of Japanese encephalitis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.