This study aimed to develop the Social Media Engagement Scale for Adolescents (SMES-A), and evaluate its reliability and validity. The initial items were collected via open-ended questions, a literature review, and suggestions from psychological experts. A total valid sample of 2519 adolescents participated in this study. The results of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) indicated that this scale was composed of three factors named affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement, accounting for 56.01% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the three-factor model. The affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement were positively correlated with the criterion variables of objective social media use. The mean intra-correlation coefficients of the three factors were 0.523, 0.451, and 0.512. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the affective engagement, behavioral engagement, and cognitive engagement were from 0.709 to 0.804. Their McDonald's omega were 0.805, 0.805, and 0.712, which showed high reliability of this three-factor structure. The test-retest reliability of the three factors were all above 0.68 8 weeks later. Overall, our findings suggested that the SMES-A is a reliable and valid measurement to evaluate social media engagement among Chinese adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) among Chinese adults. A sample comprising 1,839 adults from four cities in Shaanxi province completed the BSI-18 and background information. The best-fitting factor structure model of the BSI-18 was verified by confirmatory factor analyses, and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the measurement invariance. The results indicated that the three-factor bi-factor model fitted the current data best (χ2 = 468.861, df = 117, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.920, RMSEA = 0.040, BIC = 47044.977). The configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance models all had acceptable model fit indexes across genders, and the configural, metric, scalar invariance models with different living areas and educational levels were all acceptable. Overall, the three-factor bi-factor model of the BSI-18 shows a good fit for use with Chinese adults, making it a viable tool for effectively measuring the mental health of Chinese adults.

As a sudden public event, COVID-19 had caused a great impact on the physical and mental health of people. During this period, people paid great attention to the information of COVID-19. This study investigated the emotional and mental health conditions of 511 residents in the early stage of COVID-19. The results showed that most people were nervous and panic in this period. Individuals who were exposed to more positive information had a lower degree of negative emotional experience; people got more positive and mixed information had significantly better mental health and sleep conditions than people received more negative emotions.

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