Detecting rivers from remotely sensed imagery is an initial yet important step in space-based river studies. This paper proposes an automatic approach to enhance and detect complete river networks. The main contribution of this work is the characterization of rivers according to their Gaussian-like cross-sections and longitudinal continuity. A Gabor filter was first employed to enhance river cross-sections. Rivers are better discerned from the image background after filtering but they can be easily corrupted owing to significant gray variations along river courses. Path opening, a flexible morphological operator, was then used to lengthen the river channel continuity and suppress noise. Rivers were consistently discerned from the image background after these two-step processes. Finally, a global threshold was automatically determined and applied to create binary river masks. River networks of the Yukon Basin and the Greenland Ice Sheet were successfully detected in two Landsat 8 OLI panchromatic images using the proposed method, yielding a high accuracy (~97.79%), a high true positive rate (~94.33%), and a low false positive rate (~1.76%). Furthermore, experimental tests validated the high capability of the proposed method to preserve river network continuity.
Background: Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction technology has gained attention owing to its potential in locating ground glass nodules in the lung. The 3D printing technology additionally allows the visualisation of the surrounding anatomical structure and variations. However, the clinical utility of these techniques is unknown. This study aimed to establish a lung tumour and an anatomical lung model using 3D printing and 3D chest CT reconstruction and to evaluate the clinical potential of 3D printing technology in uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with ground glass nodules who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy were classified into the following groups: group A, lung models for pre-positioning and simulated surgery that were performed with 3D chest CT reconstruction and 3D printing, and group B, patients who underwent chest CT scans with image enhancement for 3D reconstruction. The differences in the surgery approach transfer rate, surgical method conversion rate, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complication rate were compared between the two groups. Results: Between groups A and B, there were significant differences in the approach transfer rate (0% vs.10.5%, p = 0.030), operative time (2.07 ± 0.24 h vs. 2.55 ± 0.41 h, p < 0.001), intraoperative blood loss volume (43.25 ± 13.63 mL vs. 96.68 ± 32.82 mL, p < 0.001) and the rate of surgical method conversion to lobectomy (0% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.030). In contrast, there was an insignificant difference in the postoperative complication rate between groups A and B (3.9% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.132). Conclusions: 3D printing technology facilitates a more accurate location of nodules by surgeons, as it is based on two-dimensional and 3D image-based findings, and therefore, it can improve surgical accuracy and safety. This technique is worth applying in clinical practice.
Damage and strain in single-layer graphene induced by very-low-energy electron-beam irradiation Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 043111 (2013); 10.1063/1.4790388 Oxidation and disorder in few-layered graphene induced by the electron-beam irradiation Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 183112 (2011); 10.1063/1.3587798Effect of electron-beam irradiation on graphene field effect devices
Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Low expression of was reported to be associated with the progression of pulmonary adenocarcinoma. However, the IL-33-mediated immunoregulation in pulmonary adenocarcinoma remains unclear. In this study, we found that IL-33 treatment evidently repressed tumour growth, induced CD4 þ T cells infiltration and IL-17 expression in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Notably, IL-33 treatment increased the number of Dendritic Cells (DCs) in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. More importantly, IL-33 induced maturation and regulated the function of DCs by increasing expression of DCs mature markers (CD40 and CD80, CD86) DCs-function-related gene including antigen presentation genes (HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB and CD74) and cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IL-33 treatment induced DCs maturation by upregulating CYLD expression in DCs. In addition, CYLD played an important role in DCs-induced T cell proliferation and IL-17 secretion. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that IL-33 mediated immunoregulation in pulmonary adenocarcinoma by improving DC-induced T cell proliferation by upregulating CYLD expression.
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