Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign tumor, which mostly resolves spontaneously; however, children with high-risk IH need treatment. Currently, the recognized first-line treatment regimen for IH is oral propranolol, but research on the pathogenesis of IH has led to the identification of new therapeutic targets, which have shown good curative effects, providing more options for disease treatment.This article summarizes the applications of different medications, dosages, and routes of administration for the treatment of IH. In addition to drug therapy, this article also reviews current therapeutic options for IH such as laser therapy, surgical treatment, and observation. To provide the best treatment, therapeutic regimens for IH should be selected based on the child's age, the size and location of the lesion, the presence of complications, the implementation conditions, and the potential outcomes of the treatment.
Long-term research on various types of RNAs has led to further understanding of diverse
mechanisms, which eventually resulted in the rapid development of RNA-based therapeutics as powerful
tools in clinical disease treatment. Some of the developing RNA drugs obey the antisense
mechanisms including antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNAs, microRNAs, small activating
RNAs, and ribozymes. These types of RNAs could be utilized to inhibit/activate gene expression
or change splicing to provide functional proteins. In the meantime, some others based on different
mechanisms like modified messenger RNAs could replace the dysfunctional endogenous genes to
manage some genetic diseases, and aptamers with special three-dimensional structures could bind to
specific targets in a high-affinity manner. In addition, the recent most popular CRISPR-Cas technology,
consisting of a crucial single guide RNA, could edit DNA directly to generate therapeutic effects.
The desired results from recent clinical trials indicated the great potential of RNA-based drugs in the
treatment of various diseases, but further studies on improving delivery materials and RNA modifications
are required for the novel RNA-based drugs to translate to the clinic. This review focused on the
advances and clinical studies of current RNA-based therapeutics, analyzed their challenges and prospects.
Intrauterine
adhesions (IUA) often occur as a result of trauma
to the basal layer after curettage, postpartum hemorrhage, or surgical
miscarriage. Endometrial fibrosis is the primary pathological feature
of IUA. The characteristic features of IUA include excessive deposition
and reorganization of the extracellular matrix, replacing the normal
endometrium. To prevent uterine fibrosis after injury, we prepared
and evaluated a type of fibroblast suppressive hydrogel. Poly(ethylene
glycol)-b-poly(l-phenylalanine) (PEBP) copolymers
were successfully synthesized by ring opening polymerization of l-Phenylalanine N-carboxyanhydride, initiated by methoxy-poly(ethylene
glycol)-amine. Injectable PEBP/PEG hydrogels were subsequently formed
through π–π accumulations between PEBP macromolecules
and hydrogen bonds among PEBP, PEG, and H2O molecules.
PEBP/PEG hydrogel could suppress the proliferation of fibroblasts
due to the action of l-Phe, released sustainably from PEBP/PEG
gels. Lastly, the in vivo preventive effect of PEBP/PEG hydrogel on
fibrosis was evaluated in a rat uterine curettage model. It was found
that PEBP/PEG hydrogel suppressed uterine fibrosis caused by curettage
and promoted embryo implantation in injured uterine by regulating
the expression and interactions of transforming growth factor beta
1 (TGF-β1) and Muc-4. PEBP/PEG hydrogels have the potential
for application in uterine adhesion prevention owing to their fibrosis
preventive and pregnancy promotiing effects on uterine tissue after
injury.
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