Using daily rainfall data from 1936 stations across China, this study investigated tropical cyclonic rainfall (TCR) changes during 1960–2014. The possible reasons behind TCR changes were examined using tracks and frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) in both space and time. The highest annual TCR occur in coastal regions of east and southeast China (>500 mm/year). At monthly scale, August TCR can reach 150–250 mm in coastal regions. From the contribution viewpoint, TCR accounts for more than 40% of the monthly total rainfall and extreme rainfall events along the southeast coast of China. The contributions of TCR to the monthly rainfall amount decrease rapidly from coast to inland and are even faster for contributions of TCR to extreme rainfall. The distance inland from the shoreline with 250 km has been identified as the threshold, within that these contributions abruptly increase with decreasing distance from shoreline, and vice versa. In terms of extreme rainfall regimes, logistic and Poisson regressive techniques were used to identify the connections between TC‐induced extreme rainfall and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Both these two regressions reveal that TC‐induced extreme rainfall tends to occur with higher frequency and magnitude in southeastern China (east and northeast coast of China) during La Niña (El Niño) years (El Niño). These consistent relations and remarkable spatial patterns can help to predict the occurrence of TC‐induced extreme rainfall events across eastern China.
During simultaneous or successive occurrences of precipitation and storm surges, the interplay of the two types of extremes can exacerbate the impact to a greater extent than either of them in isolation. The compound flood hazards from precipitation and storm surges vary across regions of the world because of the various weather conditions. By analyzing in-situ observations of precipitation and storm surges across the globe, we found that the return periods of compound floods with marginal values exceeding the 98.5th percentile (i.e., equivalent to a joint return period of 12 years if the marginal variables are independent) are < 2 years in most areas, while those in northern Europe are > 8 years due to weaker dependence. Our quantitative assessment shows that cyclones (i.e., tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ETCs)) are the major triggers of compound floods. More than 80% of compound floods in East Asia and > 50% of those in the Gulf of Mexico and northern Australia are associated with TCs, while in northern Europe and the higher latitude coast of North America, ETCs contribute to the majority of compound floods (i.e., 80%). Weather patterns characterized by deep low pressure, cyclonic wind, and abundant precipitable water content are conducive to the occurrence of compound floods. Extreme precipitation and extreme storm surges over Europe tend to occur in different months, which explains the relatively lower probability of compound floods in Europe. The comprehensive hazard assessment of global compound floods in this study serves as an important reference for flood risk management in coastal regions across the globe.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.