SUMMARY A case of intraocular paragonimiasis is reported in a 13-year-old Chinese boy. The disease manifested as repeated attacks of acute intraocular pain associated with panuveitis. A combination of inflammatory reaction and ocular findings mimicking both perforating and contusion injuries caused by the migration of the fluke within the eye characterises the infection. The living fluke was successfully extracted from the anterior chamber and identified as Paragonimus westermani.Paragonimiasis is a chronic lung infection endemic to the Far East which results from the ingestion of raw crustaceans contaminated by the trematode paragonimus. Extrapulmonary foci including the abdomen, brain, muscle tissue,' and temporal bone2 have been reported. Ophthalmic manifestations of the disease include invasion of the subconjunctival space, eyelid, or orbital tissue by the worm as well as symptoms resulting from cerebral infection.3-'0 Intraocular involvement was first reported by Jiang and coworkers, who described paragonimus worms in the anterior chamber in 3 of their 7 cases. " We believe the present case to be the first report of intraocular paragonimiasis in the Western literature. Case reportA 13-year-old boy from the Chekiang province of the People's Republic of China presented with a 3-week history of decreased visual acuity OD accompanied by repeated attacks of severe ocular pain. He had been punched in the right temporal region one month before presentation. The blow caused no immediate eye symptoms, but the patient did experience some pain and hearing loss in the right ear. The following day the right lid was swollen, but no other ocular symptoms were present. The swelling persisted for 2 weeks and was followed by localised conjunctival congestion in the temporal aspect OD. Several days Correspondence to Nancy L. Robinson,
Objective. To systematically study the mechanism of cordyceps cicadae in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) with the method of network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, so as to provide theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for the treatment of DN. Methods. TCMSP, Symmap, PubChem, PubMed, and CTD database were used to predict and screen the active components and therapeutic targets for DN. The network of active components and targets was drawn by Cytoscape 3.6.0, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed by the STRING database, and the DAVID database was used for the enrichment analysis of intersection targets. Molecular docking studies were finished by Discovery Studio 3.5. Results. A total of 36 active compounds, including myriocin, guanosine, and inosine, and 378 potential targets of cordyceps cicadae were obtained. PPI network analysis showed that AKT1, MAPK8, and TP53 and other targets were related to both cordyceps cicadae and DN. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that these targets were mostly involved in R-HSA-450341, 157.14-3-3 cell cycle, and PDGF pathways. Docking studies suggested that myriocin can fit in the binding pocket of two target proteins (AKT1 and MAPK8). Conclusion. Active ingredients of cordyceps cicadae such as myriocin may act on DN through different targets such as AKT1, MAPK8, and TP53 and other targets, which can help to develop innovative drugs for effective treatment of DN.
Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) plays the key role on catalysing the formation of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine, which is the first step of the de novo biosynthesis of sphingolipids. SPT is linked to many diseases including fungal infection, making it a potential therapeutic target. Thus, a logical docking-based virtual screening method was used to screen selective SPT inhibitor against fungi, not human. We used myriocinsimilarity database to identify compounds with good binding with fungal SPT and poor binding with homology human SPT model. Preliminary bio-assay led to the discovery of a promising inhibitor WXP-003, which displayed good inhibitory activity against diversity fungi strains with MIC ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 lg/mL. WXP-003 could significantly reduce sphingolipids content in fungi and no effect on mouse fibroblast cell line L929. Molecular dynamics simulation depicted that SPT/WXP-003 complex formed the favoured interactions. Taken together, discovery of WXP-003 provided valuable guide for the development of novel anti-fungal agents.
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