Using a probability sample of 4,230 adolescents from grades 7-12, we used negative binomial regression to estimate the effects of peer and six family variables on the risk of adolescent drug use. Peer drug use had relatively strong effects of adolescent drug use. Parental drug attitudes, sibling drug use, and adult drug use had significant direct effects net of peer influences. In addition, they had significant indirect effects that were mediated by peer drug use. The influences of parental monitoring, attachment to mother, and attachment to father were statistically significant but relatively small. The findings applied to alcohol, binge drinking, cigarettes, marijuana, and other illicit drugs. Editors' Strategic Implications: The authors interpret their findings as being more consistent with social learning than social control theory. This research, although cross-sectional and limited to adolescents' self-reports, contributes to a growing literature on the direct and indirect influences of parents on their teens' substance use rates. It speaks to the need for school- and community-based prevention efforts to focus on families as well as peers.

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BackgroundAnkylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a kind of common chronic disease.Guangdong Internet Hospital is China's first officially recognized network hospital and the government encourage development of telemedicine in the country. Increasing research evidences support the efficacy of telemedicine in management of chronic diseases. However, There are still few researches about AS management by using telemedicine.ObjectivesWe here conducted a 6-month randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Guangdong Internet Hospital in AS management.MethodsA total of 102 AS patients were randomly divided into two groups: standard care (ST) group or standard care with Network-Enhanced Management (ST-NEM) group. NEM enhanced disease management including cognition of the disease, medication monitoring, behavioral management and psychotherapy. Individuals were assessed by using several tools at baseline and 6 months later: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) for the disease acticity, Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) for the functional limitation, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale Zung (SDS) for the psychological status, Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) for the sleep quality, and SF-36 for the general health status. In addition, we made a satisfaction survey about the network platform in the management of the disease. Both group received the same medications during the period. There were no significant differences in baseline demographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups.ResultsAfter 6 month, 91 patients completed the trial. BASFI (1.75±0.73 vs. 2.04±0.69, P=0.026), SAS (28.12±3.22 vs. 39.56±4.61, P=0.022), SDS (26.51±6.34 vs. 32.12±6.34, P=0.031), PSQI (3.31±0.46 vs. 4.79±0.54, P=0.019) and SF-36 (SF-36M: 54.24±9.66 vs. 61.41±8.56, P=0.014; SF-36P: 63.42±11.08 vs. 68.98±10.46, P=0.032) were significantly lower in ST-NEM group than ST group after 6 months. There was no significant difference in BASDAI (2.66±0.91 vs. 2.75±0.75, P=0.068) between the two groups. Individuals assigned to the ST-NEM group reported significantly improvement in functional limitation, psychological status, sleep quality and the general health status. In addition, Guangdong Internet Hospital were widely accepted by the AS patients in disease management.ConclusionsGuangdong Internet Hospital showed potential feasibility and efficacy in AS management. AS patients may receive disease management through the netwrok platform conveniently and effectively, especially those in the remote areas of the country. The results may be important for clinical practice in disease management of AS by using telemedicine.References Sinclair. 2015. Effectiveness and User Acceptance of Online Chronic Disease Management Interventions in Rural and Remote Settings: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics: 43.Tu J, Wang C, Wu S. 2015. The internet hospital: an emerging innovation in China. The Lancet Glob...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons. Although dyskinesia is the most prominent clinical manifestation of ALS, with an in‐depth understanding of disease pathogenesis and clinical detection, more and more ALS patients are found to have nonmotor symptoms, such as sensory impairment. Genetic testing technology has developed rapidly in recent years. New genes have been proven to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALS. However, according to the existing research evidence, no literature has reported that patients with ALS have leucine‐rich repeats and sterility α mutations in motif 1 (LRSAM1) and receptor expression accessory protein 1 (REEP1). The mutation sites of REEP1 gene have not been reported, and the simultaneous mutations of two genes have not been reported. In the largest human gene mutation frequency database gnomad, the mutation sites of two genes are currently defined as new heterozygous variants with unclear clinical significance. Therefore, this article reports the clinical data of this case to further deepen the clinicians' understanding of the disease, and may provide evidence for further study of the new genotype–phenotype of LRSAM1 and REEP1.

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It was found the expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) in the histone of epileptic mice was lower than that of normal mice. In this study, we found by the immunofluorescence technique, PGRMC2 was expressed in both astrocytes and neurons of the mouse hippocampus. In addition, the seizure latency and seizure grade of mice in each group were observed after stereotactic injection of the PGRMC2 knockdown virus, PGRMC2 overexpression lentivirus, and related null virus into the hippocampus of mice. It was found that the seizure latency of mice in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group was prolonged compared with the null virus group. The seizure latency was shortened in the PTZ + PGRMC2 group. The number of grade IV and above seizures in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group was significantly reduced, while the number of grade IV and above seizures in the PTZ + PGRMC2 group was significantly increased. It was found that the nerve cells in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group were still intact. In the PTZ + PGRMC2 group, the neural cells were damaged, the intercellular space was widened, and the number of cells was reduced. These findings support that PGRMC2 may be involved in epileptic seizures.