Background: Nursing has been reported to effectively ameliorate physical movement, significantly decrease postoperative complications, and markedly improve the quality of life in patients with bladder cancer after endoscopic bladder resection. Atezolizumab (ATZ) has been approved as effective therapy for patients with bladder cancer. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of long-term extended nursing services combined with ATZ in patients with bladder cancer after endoscopic bladder resection.Methods: A total of one 126 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer underwent endoscopic bladder resection were recruited in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into the long-term conventional nursing plus atezolizumab (LTCN-ATZ) (n = 60) and long-term extended nursing services plus atezolizumab (LTENS-ATZ) groups (n = 66). The renal function, physical movement, postoperative complications, the quality of life, survival, and recurrence were examined in patients in LTCN-ATZ and LTENS-ATZ groups during 36-month follow up.Results: Data in the current study demonstrated that the renal function, quality of life, satisfaction anxiety and depression for LTENS-ATZ group was significantly improved compared with that of LTCN-ATZ group. The occurrence rate was significantly lower, and the length of hospital stay was shorter for LTENS-ATZ than that of LTCN-ATZ group. Outcomes demonstrated that LTENS-ATZ increased survival and decreased the occurrence compared to those patients in LTENS-ATZ group. Conclusion:In conclusion, outcomes in this study indicate that LTENS-ATZ improves renal function, and quality of life and prognosis in patients with bladder cancer after endoscopic bladder resection.Abbreviations: ATZ = atezolizumab, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, LTCN-ATZ = long-term conventional nursing plus atezolizumab, LTENS-ATZ = long-term extended nursing services plus atezolizumab, PD-L1 = programmed death ligand 1, TRAEs = treatment-related adverse events.
Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. Electroacupuncture (EA) is a means of combining traditional acupuncture with modern electrotherapy, which has been widely used and verified to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of EA treatment on the repair of SCI and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into sham, sham+EA, SCI and SCI+EA four groups after SCI model was established. Rat motor function was assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale, inclined plane test and footprint analysis. Histological alterations were examined with hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT), as well as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels. The expression of p66Shc and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were detected to explore the involved mechanisms.Results: EA treatment significantly improved motor functional recovery, reduced spinal cord lesion cavity and neuronal chromatolysis after SCI. Meanwhile, EA treatment alleviated oxidative stress, as indicated by suppression of ROS production, increase in GSH and T-AOC levels and reduction of 3-NT and 4-HNE expression. Further, EA stimulation markedly eliminated the aberrant increase of p66Shc due to SCI in rats. More notably, EA treatment also attenuated ERS via down-regulation of glucose-regulated protein 78, activating transcription factor 4, C/EBP homologous protein, X-box binding protein 1 and activating transcription factor 6 expression in rat spinal cord tissues after SCI. Conclusions: These findings suggest that EA is a potential strategy for treatment of SCI, and the mechanism might be, at least in part, associated with mitigation of p66Shc-mediated oxidative stress and ERS in rats.
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