Most recently, a variant of extended Canetti-Krawczyk model called as eCK w is introduced to provide stronger security than previous eCK models. Namely eCK w models formulate a stronger notion regarding weak perfect forward secrecy than other eCK models. In particular, any eCK w secure protocols can be generally transformed to achieve full provide perfect forward secrecy without requiring additional round. So far, there is no protocol which has been proven secure in the eCK w model without random oracles. In this paper, we study the open problem on constructing eCK w secure AKE protocol in the standard model. A new one-round AKE protocol is introduced relying on standard cryptographic primitives and a variant of bilinear decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption. The main advantage of our proposal is its high efficiency in key exchange in contrast to the previous eCK secure protocols without random oracles and under post-specified peer setting.Moreover, there are some variants of eCK model used in literatures, for example, the CK+ [8] which adopt the same freshness definition as the original eCK model. We will call those models (sharing the same freshness notions) as eCK model without any ambiguity.A practical one-round authenticated key exchange protocol Security Comm. Networks (2014) A practical one-round authenticated key exchange protocol Security Comm. Networks (2014)
IR-drop has become a major source of delay defects indeep sub-micron VLSI designs. In this work, we analyze the effect of IR-drop in path-delay test and how to obtain more accurate delay information of critical paths. For possible regions with IR-drop, we perform timing analysis on these nodes such that a certain amount of voltage drop can be associated with extra delays on victim nodes. Power analysis is conducted to determine the occurrence probability of a certain voltage drop. These probability values are used to weigh the extra delays caused by IR-drop of all victim nodes, which are then accumulated along each path. Experimental results show that such a process can effectively take the small delays caused by IR-drop into consideration and can have a significant impact on the identification and analysis of critical paths.
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