This paper investigates a novel approach to secret sharing using QR codes. The proposed QR code secret sharing approach exploits the error correction mechanism inherent in the QR code structure, to distribute and encode information about a secret message in a number of shares. Each share in the scheme is constructed from a cover QR code, and each share itself is a valid QR code which can be scanned and decoded by a QR code reader. The secret message can be recovered by combining the information contained in the QR code shares. Since each share is a valid QR code, the proposed scheme has the advantage of reducing the likelihood of attracting the attention of potential attackers. In addition, the shares can be distributed via public channels without raising suspicion. Moreover, shares do not have to be stored or transmitted electronically, as QR codes can be distributed via printed media. Abstract. This paper investigates a novel approach to secret sharing using QR codes. The proposed QR code secret sharing approach exploits the error correction mechanism inherent in the QR code structure, to distribute and encode information about a secret message in a number of shares. Each share in the scheme is constructed from a cover QR code, and each share itself is a valid QR code which can be scanned and decoded by a QR code reader. The secret message can be recovered by combining the information contained in the QR code shares. Since each share is a valid QR code, the proposed scheme has the advantage of reducing the likelihood of attracting the attention of potential attackers. In addition, the shares can be distributed via public channels without raising suspicion. Moreover, shares do not have to be stored or transmitted electronically, as QR codes can be distributed via printed media. Exploiting the Error Correction Mechanism in QR Codes for Secret Sharing

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The opportunity to gamble has undergone rapid expansion with technology allowing for access to gambling products 24 h a day. This increased online availability challenges governments' abilities to restrict access to gambling. Indeed, the ready access to multiple forms of gambling may potentially contribute to impaired control over urges for problem gamblers. The present study considered whether problem gamblers manifested a tendency to engage in multiple forms of gambling and identified forms of gambling which were more strongly related to problem gambling. In reanalyses of two surveys (Sample 1, N = 464, Sample 2, N = 1141), significant relationships accounting for between 11.3 and 13.5% of the variance were found between the numbers of forms of gambling accessed and degree of problem. Participation in online poker, playing cards and sports wagering were linked to problem gambling. Access to multiple forms of gambling may pose difficulties for the tracking and control of gambling.

The concept of reverse Turing tests, or more commonly known as CAPTCHAs, for distinguishing between humans and computers has been around for many years. The widespread use of CAPTCHAs these days has made them an integral part of the internet for providing online services, which are intended for humans, with some level of protection against automated abuse. Since their inception, much research has focused on investigating various issues surrounding the design and security of CAPTCHAs. A fundamental requirement of CAPTCHAs necessitates that they must be designed to be easy for humans but difficult for computers. However, it is well recognized that the trade-off between usability and security is difficult to balance. In addition, numerous attacks have been developed to defeat CAPTCHAs. In response to this, many different CAPTCHA design variants have been proposed over the years. Despite the fact that CAPTCHAs have been around for more than two decades, the future of CAPTCHAs remains an open question. This chapter presents an overview of research examining a wide range of issues that have been conducted on different types of CAPTCHAs.