to water penetrating and permissibility of vapor transmitting. [ 1 ] According to the previous researches, the fascinating properties of breathable and waterproof performance would be mainly come from the porous structure consisted of hydrophobic raw materials. [ 2 ] Therefore, it has developed various methods to fabricate membranes with outstanding breathable and waterproof performance, such as biaxial stretching, [ 3 ] template-based methods, [ 4 ] and phase separation. [ 5 ] Nevertheless, these methods are still subjected to the diffi culty in regulating the porous structure to achieve best equilibrium of breathable and waterproof performance, as well as the complicated fabricating procedure.Recently, electrospinning method that could obtain fi brous membranes with tunable porous structure has been considered as an available strategy for preparing membranes with breathable and waterproof performance. [ 6 ] Consequently, many kinds of electrospun breathable and waterproof membranes have been prepared using various polymers, including poly urethane (PU), [ 7 ] polyvinylidene fl uoride, [ 8 ] polyacrylonitrile, [ 9 ] and polypropylene. [ 10 ] Among these studies, PU has gained the most attention owing to the prominent elasticity and abrasive resistance, which is important for the practical application. [ 11 ] However, on account of the bad hydrophobicity and relative large fi ber diameter, the electrospun PU membranes in the previous studies exhibited either poor breathability (water vapor transmission (WVT) rate ≤5 kg m −2 d −1 ) or inferior waterproofness (hydrostatic pressure ≤10 kPa). [ 7,12 ] Our group has reported a fabrication strategy of waterproof and breathable fi brous membranes by introducing of hydrophobic PU and carbon nanotubes. Benefi ting from the low surface energy property of PU and hierarchical roughness built from carbon nanotubes, the membranes exhibit high WVT rate (9.2 kg m −2 d −1 ) and hydrostatic pressure (108 kPa). [ 13 ] But, carbon nanotubes are hard to be dispersed in polymer solution and easy to aggregate during electrospinning, which would bring about enormous degradation of performance. Therefore, it is remain a serious challenge to develop an effective and facile strategy to fabricate membranes with outstanding breathable and waterproof performance.It is well known that the electrospun membranes are constructed from randomly accumulating of fi bers, which result Breathable and waterproof membranes have great importance in various applications due to their permissibility of vapor transmitting and resistance to water penetrating. Despite the available strategies, it remains a serious challenge to fabricate membranes with best equilibrium of breathable and waterproof performance. Herein, hydrophobic fi brous membranes have been designed and prepared via electrospinning using polyurethane and fl uorinated polyurethane as the raw polymers. By regulating the relative humidity and electrospinning time, fi brous membranes with tunable porous structure have obtained. Signifi cantly...

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The atomic economic reaction of acetic acid formation from methane and carbon dioxide via dielectric-barrier discharges at ambient conditions was investigated in this work. A significantly high selectivity of acetic acid (up to 5.3%) has been achieved with high conversions of methane (more than 54.1%) and carbon dioxide (more than 37.4%).

We have designed and evaluated coacervate microcapsules-immobilized multilayer sodium alginate beads (CMs-M-ALG-Beads) for oral drug delivery. The CMs-M-ALG-Beads were prepared by immobilization of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) loaded chitosan/carboxymethyl coacervate microcapsules (DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs) in the core and layers of the multilayer sodium alginate beads. The obtained CMs-M-ALG-beads exhibited layer-by-layer structure and rough surface with many nanoscale particles. The swelling characteristic and drug release results indicated that 4-layer CMs-M-ALG-Beads possessed favorable gastric acid tolerance (the swelling rate <5%, the cumulative drug release rate <3.8%). In small intestine, the intact DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs were able to rapidly release from CMs-M-ALG-Beads with the dissolution of ALG matrix. Ex vivo intestinal mucoadhesive and permeation showed that CMs-M-ALG-Beads exhibited continued growth for P(app) values of DOX, which was 1.07-1.15 folds and 1.28-1.38 folds higher than DOX:CS:CMCS-CMs in rat jejunum and ileum, respectively, demonstrating that CMs-M-ALG-Beads were able to enhance the absorption of DOX by controlled releasing DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs and prolonging the contact time between the DOX:CS/CMCS-CMs and small intestinal mucosa.

Waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) are highly demanded worldwide due to their promising applications in outdoor protective clothing, medical hygiene, and electronic devices. However, the design of such materials integrated with environmental friendliness and high functionality has been considered a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report the green-solvent-processed polyamide fibrous membranes with amphiphobicity and bonding structure via ethanol-based electrospinning and water-based impregnating techniques, endowing the fibrous membranes with outstanding water/oil/dust-resistant and good breathable properties. The developed green smart fibrous membranes exhibit integrated properties with robust water and oil intrusion pressures of 101.2 and 32.4 kPa, respectively, excellent dust removal efficiency of above 99.9%, good water vapor transmission rate of 11.2 kg m–2 d–1, air permeability of 2.6 mm s–1, tensile strength of 15.6 MPa, and strong toughness of 22.8 MJ m–3, enabling the membranes to protect human beings and electronic devices effectively. This work may shed light on designing the next generation green smart fibrous WBMs for protective textiles.

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