A number of national, regional and global land cover classification systems have been developed to meet specific user requirements for land cover mapping exercises, independent of scale, nomenclature and quality. However, this variety of land-cover classification systems limits the compatibility and comparability of land cover data. Furthermore, the current lack of interoperability between different land cover datasets, often stemming from incompatible land cover classification systems, makes analysis of multi-source, heterogeneous land cover data for various applications a very difficult task. This paper provides a critical review of the harmonization of land cover classification systems, which facilitates the generation, use and analysis of land cover maps consistently. Harmonization of existing land cover classification systems is essential to improve their cross-comparison and validation for understanding landscape patterns and changes. The paper reviews major land cover classification standards according to different scales, summarizes studies on harmonizing land cover mapping, and discusses some research problems that need to be solved and some future research directions.

Due to rapid changes in urban and rural economic development, the Chinese landscape has been gradually transforming toward urbanization. Most Chinese rural villages face declining problems such as population loss, land use transformation, fragmentation and abandonment, resulting in big changes in the rural spatial morphology. To understand these urbanization challenges, this study established a multi-factor methodology and applied it to a case study of three selected typical villages in southern Jiangsu Province. From this analysis, the quantification of the rural spatial morphology and environmental status, from 2005 to 2016, was determined. The eight driving factors established considered the rural geological location, landform, and social economic status. To analyze the driving factors, a quantitative analysis using ArcGIS, Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI), and Analytic Network Process (ANP) decision-making methods were used. The results revealed mechanisms between the changes to spatial morphology of rural villages in southern Jiangsu Province and their key driving factors. This study provides data support and a theoretical framework to guide future development and policy of rural villages of different types, which supports the sustainable development of Chinese rural villages.

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Zircon has been widely applied in various traditional and emerging fields due to its distinct physiochemical advantages while monodisperse spherical zircon (MSZ) powders hitherto have not been explored for the tremendous challenges in the control of zircon crystallization and growth. Herein, systematic investigations are presented to reveal the paramount role of halide mineralizers upon the crystallization and growth of MSZ powders synthesized under highly acidic hydrothermal environments (pH <0). A formation mechanism is revealed revolving around the complexation of central Zr4+ with the Lewis basic ligand, fluorine, which forms the F‐containing species of [(OH)1–y·Ry] (R = F, Cl) to replace Zr and generates Zr‐deficient zircons as (ZrO4)1‐xSi[(OH)1‐y·Ry]4x. This finding differs much from conventional views on common fluoro‐hydroxylated hydrothermal zircons, which were generally regarded as Si‐deficient silicates from the substitution of fluoro‐hydroxyls for the [SiO4] tetrahedra. A parameter, Kr=4xy, is first proposed as an index to evaluate the stability of hydrothermal zircons. The MSZ powders demonstrate superb thermal stability at high temperature, superior photo‐reflectance, and thermal insulation over normal zircons, promising attractive prospects to extend zircon applications.

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Health Qigong (HQ) exercise on the subjective and objective sleep quality and the quality of life in male patients with drug abuse who received treatment at a mandatory drug rehabilitation residential institution. Methods Ninety male patients (mean age, 36.85 ± 8.72 y) were included and randomly divided into the Health Qigong (HQ) group, aerobic exercise (AE) group, or control group. The participants in the HQ and AE groups exercised four times a week for 1 hour per session for 12 weeks, while the control group maintained their original lifestyle. The following parameters were recorded before and after exercise: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); SF-36; and total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, deep sleep time, deep sleep rate, light sleep time, and light sleep rate using actigraphy. Results Health Qigong improved the subjective sleep quality, objective sleep quality, and quality of life after a 12-week intervention. Considering the subjective sleep quality, Health Qigong helped improve several aspects of the PSQI, including the overall sleep quality ( p < 0.01), sleep latency ( p < 0.01), sleep duration ( p < 0.01), sleep latency ( p < 0.01), sleep disturbance ( p < 0.01), and day dysfunction ( p < 0.01). In relation to the objective sleep quality, Health Qigong improved the total sleep time ( p < 0.01), sleep efficiency ( p < 0.01), sleep latency ( p < 0.01), deep and light sleep rate ( p < 0.01). Considering the quality of life, Health Qigong helped improve the role-physical ( p < 0.01), general health ( p < 0.01), bodily pain ( p < 0.01), and mental health ( p < 0.01) aspects of SF-36. Conclusion Health Qigong may be an effective approach to improve the subjective and objective quality of sleep and life quality of patients with drug abuse.

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With the rapid development of global economy, the industrial cluster has become the new trend of world economic development. So far, the industrial cluster mode with space as the main division has been formed. The cooperation of industrial clusters is dynamic. The industries in the cluster cooperate with each other for mutual benefit and win-win, occupying a place in the fierce market competition. In addition, the industrial cluster is also conducive to strengthen the international economic division of labor and points out the direction of regional industrial transfer. China is now in a critical period of economic development; the industrial cluster plays an important role in China's industrial transformation and economic development. At present, the most common regional development mode in China is industrial cluster. The emergence of industrial cluster accelerates the development of industrial regional economy and the balance of industrial layout. Industrial clusters occupy a key position in China's economic industry chain, and the development and change in industrial clusters will directly affect the development of the entire industrial chain. This study first simulates the evolution path of industrial cluster and then establishes the relevant data model. Finally, through repast simulation, it puts forward conclusions and suggestions according to the verification results. The construction of dynamic model can realize the simulation of industrial cluster theory. According to the simulation results, we can find that the ecosystem in different stages will produce different characteristics; the formation and evolution of industrial clusters are actually the epitome of market development. In this process, the government guidance and market regulation are needed to accelerate the formation of industrial cluster ecosystem and increase the scale of industrial cluster.