The (In 1−x Fe x ) 2 O 3 films (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) were prepared by RF-magnetron sputtering. Structural, magnetic and transport properties of the films were investigated systematically both experimentally and theoretically. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and multiple-scattering ab initio theoretical calculations reveal that Fe dopant atoms are substitutionally incorporated into In 2 O 3 lattice with a mixed-valence (Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ) and form Fe In1 +2 V O complex. All the films display room temperature ferromagnetism and the saturated magnetization (M s ) increases monotonically with the increase of Fe concentration. The Mott variable range hopping (VRH) transport behavior dominates the conduction mechanism of the films at low temperature, confirming that the carriers are localized. The Fe doping has profound effects on the positive and negative MR contributions. The positive MR contribution becomes more pronounced with Fe doping, reflecting the occurrence of spin polarization and stronger s−d exchange interaction. The bound magnetic polarons (BMPs) associated with oxygen vacancy can be considered to play an important role in achieving the ferromagnetic order of the (In 1−x Fe x ) 2 O 3 films. The variation of Ms with Fe doping has a strong correlation with the localization radius ξ of carriers and the characteristic hopping temperature T 0 , indicating that the change of localization effect can remarkably influence the ferromagnetic order of the (In 1−x Fe x ) 2 O 3 films.
To investigate the change of erection duration measured by stopwatch with flexible dose vardenafil administered for 8 weeks in subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED). Effect of levitra on sustenance of erection was an open-label, prospective, multicenter and single-arm study designed to measure the duration of erection in men with ED receiving a flexible dose of vardenafil over an 8-week treatment period. Patients were instructed to take vardenafil 10 mg 60 min before attempting the intercourse. Vardenfil could be increased to 20 mg or decreased to 5 mg concerning patients' efficacy and safety. Following the initial screening, patients entered a 4-week treatment-free run-in phase and 8-week treatment period, during which they were instructed to attempt intercourse at least four times on four separate days. A total of 95 men were enrolled in 10 centers. After the 8 weeks treatment, the mean duration of erection leading to successful intercourse was statistically superior when patients were treated with vardenafil. After an 8-week treatment, the duration of erection leading to successful intercourse was 9.39 min. There were significant benefits with vardenafil in all domains of International Index of Erectile Function. Secondary efficacy end points included success rate of penetration, maintaining erection, ejaculation and satisfaction were superior when patients were treated with vardenafil. There was a significant correlation between duration of erection with other sexual factors. Also partner's sexual satisfaction was increased with vardenafil. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. Vardenafil was safe and well tolerated. Vardenafil therapy provided a statistically superior duration of erection leading to successful intercourse in men with ED with female partner.
Forty patients with cervical myelopathy due to OPLL (Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament) of the cervical spine were studied. According to Abe's or Yamamoto's classification, 12 of them had a 50% decrease in the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal. Subtotal vertebrectomy was carried out in 8 of these patients and the remaining 4 patients received posterior decompression. We concluded that anterior decompression, if possible, is the treatment of choice and posterior decompression is recommended only for the longitudinal type involving more than 3 segments.
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