Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (P. infestans), is a devastating disease in potato worldwide. Our previous study revealed that the Solanum andigena genotype 03112-233 is resistant to P. infestans isolate 90128, but susceptible to the super race isolate, CN152. In this study, we confirmed by diagnostic resistance gene enrichment sequencing (dRenSeq) that the resistance of 03112-233 toward 90128 is most likely based on a distinct new R gene(s). To gain an insight into the mechanism that governs resistance or susceptibility in 03112-223, comparative transcriptomic profiling analysis based on RNAseq was initiated. Changes in transcription at two time points (24 h and 72 h) after inoculation with isolates 90128 or CN152 were analyzed. A total of 8,881 and 7,209 genes were differentially expressed in response to 90128 and CN152, respectively, and 1,083 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were common to both time points and isolates. A substantial number of genes were differentially expressed in an isolate-specific manner with 3,837 genes showing induction or suppression following infection with 90128 and 2,165 genes induced or suppressed after colonization by CN152. Hierarchical clustering analysis suggested that isolates with different virulence profiles can induce different defense responses at different time points. Further analysis revealed that the compatible interaction caused higher induction of susceptibility genes such as SWEET compared with the incompatible interaction. The salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid mediated signaling pathways were involved in the response against both isolates, while ethylene and brassinosteroids mediated defense pathways were suppressed. Our results provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between P. infestans and potato.
Since 1950, more than 620 potato cultivars have been released from Chinese breeding programs, some of which have similar genetic background and phenotype. In this study, 16 parental cultivars widely used in breeding were used to screen 138 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Out of 138 SSR markers, 20 were polymorphic that were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 217 potato cultivars grown in China. In total, 249 alleles were detected with these 20 markers and 244 of them (97.99%) showed polymorphism. The number of alleles ranged from 7 to 22 with an average of 12.45 alleles per primer and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.64-0.93 with an average of 0.83. Fragment sizes varied from 80 to 380 bp. Based on PIC values and the clarity of PCR amplification bands, 11 SSR markers were selected and able to differentiate all of the 217 cultivars. The estimated similarity using these polymorphic SSR markers between the cultivars ranged from 0.63 to 0.99, indicating a narrow genetic base. Fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis in this study provides useful information for the protection of intellectual property, as well as the exploration and utilization of these potato cultivars. Resumen Desde 1950, se han liberado más de 620 variedades de papa de los programas chinos de mejoramiento, algunos de los cuales tienen antecedentes genéticos y fenotipo similares. En este estudio, se usaron 16 variedades parentales utilizadas ampliamente en mejoramiento, para hacer un estudio de 138 marcadores de repeticiones simples de secuencia (SSR). De los 138 marcadores SSR, 20 fueron polimórficos que fueron usados para analizar la diversidad genética de 217 variedades de papa cultivadas en China. En total, se detectaron 249 alelos con estos 20 marcadores y 244 de ellos (97.99%) mostraron polimorfismo. El número de alelos tuvo un rango de 7-22 con un promedio de 12.45 alelos por iniciador, y el contenido de la información polimórfica (PIC) varió de 0.64-0.93 con un promedio de 0.83. Los tamaños de los fragmentos variaron de 80-380 pb. Con base en los valores PIC y la claridad de las bandas de amplificación, se seleccionaron 11 marcadores SSR y fue posible diferenciar a la totalidad de las 217 variedades. La similitud estimada usando estos marcadores polimórficos SSR entre las variedades varió de 0.63 a 0.99, indicando una base genética angosta. Los análisis de huellas y diversidad genética en este estudio proporcionan información útil para la protección de propiedad intelectual, así como para la exploración y utilización de estas variedades de papa.
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