Abstract:Although several studies have explained the effect of urbanization on China's carbon emissions, most have focused on population urbanization, while ignoring the urban spatial form. This study investigates the impact of urban spatial form, measured by residential density, on the evolution of carbon emissions of 108 cities from 2003 to 2013 in China. The main results are as follows:(1) although urbanization significantly increases CO 2 emissions, urban spatial form measured by residential density produces a negative effect on CO 2 emissions in China.; (2) China has not become the "pollution haven" of foreign direct investment (FDI), instead, green FDI has reduced carbon emissions significantly; (3) the environmental dividends of low-carbon transformation have been observed in eastern and middle cities, but not in western ones. Therefore, establishing compact cities and traversing a low-carbon path is both feasible and necessary.
This study estimates the effects of the Sino-US trade liberalization on CO2 emissions in China and its influencing mechanism. We used the exchange of CNY/USD as the instrumental variable to alleviate the endogeneity with the two-stage least squares method. Different from the existing literature focusing on implied carbon, we use panel data of 27 provinces in China from 1998 to 2018 to examine the relationship between the Sino-US trade liberalization and CO2 emissions. We found that the Sino-US trade liberalization had a positive effect on the environment and reduced CO2 emissions.
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