Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of high-quality graphene has emerged as the most promising technique in terms of its integrated manufacturing. However, there lacks a controllable growth method for producing high-quality and a large-quantity graphene films, simultaneously, at a fast growth rate, regardless of roll-to-roll (R2R) or batch-to-batch (B2B) methods. Here, a stationary-atmospheric-pressure CVD (SAPCVD) system based on thermal molecular movement, which enables fast B2B growth of continuous and uniform graphene films on tens of stacked Cu(111) foils, with a growth rate of 1.5 µm s , is demonstrated. The monolayer graphene of batch production is found to nucleate from arrays of well-aligned domains, and the films possess few defects and exhibit high carrier mobility up to 6944 cm V s at room temperature. The results indicate that the SAPCVD system combined with single-domain Cu(111) substrates makes it possible to realize fast batch-growth of high-quality graphene films, which opens up enormous opportunities to use this unique 2D material for industrial device applications.
Interannual variability in the mesoscale eddy field in the Agulhas Return Current (ARC) of 32-42°S and 15-35°E is investigated based on satellite altimeter observations and state estimate from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II from 1993 to 2016. It is found that the interannual modulation of eddy kinetic energy in the ARC region is externally mediated by the wind stress forcing that generates the westward propagating sea surface height anomalies across the South Indian Ocean subtropical gyre. The wind-forced sea surface height anomalies influence the upstream Agulhas Current volume transports. By modulating the intensity of barotropic instability of the ARC mean flow centered around the retroflection region, the Agulhas Current inflow variability leads to the downstream interannual eddy kinetic energy fluctuations in the ARC region.Plain Language Summary The interannual eddy kinetic energy modulations in the Agulhas Return Current region are investigated in this study on the basis of the satellite altimeter observations and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II state estimate for the period of 1993-2016. The interannual eddy kinetic energy modulations in the Agulhas Return Current region are affected by the upstream Agulhas Current volume transports mainly via the barotropic instability. The wind stress curl forcing in the subtropical Indian Ocean is regarded as the major factor to modulate the Agulhas Current volume transport.
Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) induced by oceanic mesoscale eddies trigger mesoscale air‐sea interactions and modulate large‐scale climate systems. Yet, how eddies drive SSTAs has not been firmly established; particularly, the relative importance of lateral stirring and vertical pumping remains a debated issue. This study investigates characteristics and generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddy SSTAs in three eddy‐enriched domains of the North Pacific Ocean: the Kuroshio Extension (KET), the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC), and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC). Analysis of satellite observational data reveals quasi‐monopole eddy SSTAs in the KET and NECC and dipole‐like eddy SSTAs in the STCC. By investigating spatial and seasonal variations and performing sensitivity experiments using an idealized model, we demonstrate that lateral stirring plays a more important role than vertical pumping in causing mesoscale eddy SSTAs. The eastward transport by the strong background current UC (∼0.6 and ∼0.4 m s−1 in the KET and the NECC, respectively) and the westward eddy translation UT (∼−0.2 m s−1 in the NECC) can dramatically modify the structure of SSTA. The pure stirring effect of eddy rotation velocities generates strong dipole‐like SSTAs. Owing to the eastward UC and the westward UT, the western SSTA pole tends to approach the eddy center, while the eastern SSTA pole departs from the eddy and scatters along the eddy trajectory. These effects reduce the eddy SSTA amplitude and favor the emergence of quasi‐monopole structure. This work provides a useful benchmark for model simulations of mesoscale SST variability and air‐sea interaction.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.