The equalization of medical services has received increasing attention, and improving the accessibility of medical facilities in rural areas is key for the realization of fairness with regard to medical services. This study studies the rural areas of Henan Province, China, and uses unincorporated villages as the basic unit. The spatial pattern of accessibility in rural areas was comprehensively analyzed via geographic information system spatial analysis and coefficient of variation. The spatial heterogeneity of relevant influencing factors was assessed by using the geographically weighted regression model. The results show that: (1) The distance cost of medical treatment in rural areas is normally distributed, and most areas are within a range of 2–6 km. (2) The accessibility in rural areas has clear spatial differences, is significantly affected by terrain, and shows characteristics of significant spatial agglomeration. The eastern and central regions have good spatial accessibility, while the western regions have poor spatial accessibility. Furthermore, regions with poor accessibility are mainly located in mountainous areas. (3) The spatial equilibrium of accessibility follows a pattern of gradual deterioration from east to west. The better accessibility-unbalanced type is mostly located in the center of Henan Province, while the poor accessibility-unbalanced type is concentrated in mountainous areas. (4) The area, elevation, residential density, and per capita industrial output are positively correlated with spatial accessibility, while road network density and population density are negatively correlated.
Agricultural clusters play a powerful role in promoting the agricultural transformation and rejuvenation of rural areas. However, no in-depth exploration has been made on how agricultural clusters form and evolve, especially in the context of China’s long-term small-scale rural economy. The purpose of this article is to reveal the formation process and evolution mechanism of agricultural clusters by case study research. With the knowledge flow as the starting point, this article takes the Vegetable Cluster in Shouguang City of Shandong Province, China as an example to construct a theoretical framework in the three dimensions of points (spin-offs of enterprises or farmers), lines (network-spillovers of various innovation) and planes (the formation of new regional industry spaces) and put forward theoretical hypotheses. It is shown that: (1) The local spin-off of seed farmers is the main path in the transformation of traditional farmers into enterprises. (2) The network-spillover and adoption of innovative knowledge promote the derivation of specialized farmers or enterprises and realize regional agricultural specialization and spatial agglomeration. (3) The formation of the agricultural cluster resulted from the joint effects of spin-off derived from the entrepreneurial spirit of the farmers, network-spillover of various agricultural innovations and spatial integration of the agricultural landscape. The formation of local agricultural innovation systems marks the maturity of an agricultural cluster. This article contribute to the field by studying one source of Alfred Marshall’s knowledge of external economy from the perspective of spin-offs and innovative spillovers, analyzing the agricultural increasing returns to scale neglected by Krugman, and exploring the micro mechanism of farmers’ enterprise-oriented evolution and the formation of agricultural clusters in underdeveloped rural areas. The research results are of profound referential significance for the cultivation of agricultural clusters in developing countries.
Background: This study is to assess the effectiveness of CO2 laser therapy (COLT) in treating patients with acne depressed scar (ADS). Methods: Relevant randomized controlled trials will be checked by search the electronic databases of Cochrane Library, PUBEMD, EMBASE, Web of Science, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, VIP Database, CBM database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All potential randomized controlled trials of COLT for patients with ADS will be identified by 2 independent authors by searching all sources from inception to present. Two authors will independently undertake literature selection, data collection and study quality assessment. Any divergences between 2 authors will be settled down by a third author through discussion. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Results: This study will assess the effectiveness of COLT for patients with ADS. Conclusions: This study may provide helpful evidence to determine whether COLT is an effective intervention for patients with ADS. Study registration: OSF (osf.io/m9ghv).
In order to research the climate responsive of roof buffer space in Tujia traditional folk dwellings, two typical dwellings were taken as the research objects to measure relevant environmental parameters. Subsequently, the measurements were compared to analyze the coupling relationship between roof buffer space and indoor thermal environment. Analysis shows that the roof buffer space has the remarkable ability to block solar radiation, with the cooperation of valley-mountain breeze, which makes up for the shortcomings of poor thermal inertia and small heat insulation of wooden-plank wall dwellings: The indoor temperature peak reduces 2 °C; the range of difference between indoor average radiant temperature and the air temperature is 0.46 °C all day. The findings can guide the construction of modern wood-framed dwellings.
Buffer analysis is one of the most important functions in GIS spatial analysis, which is used to establish the scope of influence around spatial entities. The conventional buffer radius is fixed. However, in practical situations, the buffer radius should be dynamically adjusted by considering the specific environment of the space entity such as nature and socio-economy condition. Therefore it is able to achieve accurate and scientific spatial analysis, which aims to provide efficient decision-making services and intellectual support for the construction of the social economy and the ecological civilization. In this paper, based on analysis of the shortcomings of conventional buffer, several special buffers are discussed and the uncertain buffer radius is calculated under different conditions. Finally, an example is harnessed to illustrate the existence of uncertain buffer radius.
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