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These results demonstrate the potential role for ketamine in treating adolescents with TRD. Limitations include the open-label design and small sample; future research addressing these issues are needed to confirm these results. Additionally, evidence suggested a dose-response relationship; future studies are needed to optimize dose. Finally, questions remain regarding the long-term safety of ketamine as a depression treatment; more information is needed before broader clinical use.

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PURPOSE. Men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) frequently develop resistance to androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) treatment; therefore, new therapies are needed. Trophoblastic cell-surface antigen (Trop-2) is a transmembrane protein identified in prostate cancer and overexpressed in multiple malignancies. Trop-2 is a therapeutic target for antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Experimental Design. Trop-2 gene (TACSTD2) expression and markers of treatment resistance from prostate biopsies were analyzed using data from four previously curated cohorts of mCRPC (n = 634) and the PROMOTE study (dbGaP accession phs001141.v1.p1, n = 88). EpCAM or Trop-2 positive circulating tumor cells were captured from peripheral blood for comparison of protein (n=15) and gene expression signatures of treatment resistance (n=40). We assessed the efficacy of Trop-2 targeting agents in a mouse xenograft model generated from prostate cancer cell lines. RESULTS. We demonstrated TACSTD2 is expressed in mCRPC from luminal and basal tumors but at lower levels in patients with neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Patients previously treated with ARSI showed no significant difference in TACSTD2 expression, whereas patients with detectable AR-V7 expression showed increased expression. We observed that Trop-2 can serve as a cell surface target for isolating circulating tumor cells, which may serve as a predictive biomarker for ADCs. We also demonstrated that prostate cancer cell line xenografts can be targeted specifically by labeled anti-Trop-2 agents in vivo. CONCLUSION. These results support further studies on Trop-2 as a therapeutic and diagnostic target for mCRPC.

Rapid diagnostic tests as an attractive alternative to enzyme immunoassay could identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected persons more expeditiously. The availability of high performing and quality‐assured rapid diagnostic tests are essential to scale‐up HCV screening. The study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of seven domestic HCV rapid diagnostic tests kits. The kits were evaluated by using HCV serum panels, including HCV basic panel, analytical specificity panel, mixed titre performance panel, characteristic panel, seroconversion panel, and genotype qualification panel. The results showed that clinical sensitivity, clinical specificity and analytical specificity of seven rapid diagnostic tests kits ranged from 94% (95% CI: 83.2–98.6) to 100% (95% CI: 91.5–100). Furthermore, specimens with HCV genotypes 1b, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6 could be detected by HCV rapid diagnostic tests kits, whereas specimens with genotypes 1a and 2b could not be detected. Additionally, most HCV rapid diagnostic tests kits had great performance in diagnosing different titres and/or different bands samples, but some low S/CO value specimens may not be fully detected by few rapid diagnostic test kits. In conclusion, seven HCV rapid diagnostic tests reagents presented high sensitivity, specificity, good anti‐interference and detection ability of early infection, which could meet the requirements of clinical HCV antibody screening.

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With rapid expanding of HIV self-testing (HIVST) among unprofessional people has many unknown hidden dangers. This research for the first to survey the feasibility of urine, oral mucosal transudate (OMT) and finger blood rapid HIV testing kits were used for HIVST by non-professionals MSM in China. Total 274 valid questionnaires were received from 313 MSM participants, including 263 completed urine HIVST, 61 completed OMT HIVST and 17 completed blood HIVST. The average age of participants was under 30, about 80% were unmarried, more than 80% with an education level above Grade 9 but more than 50% people had never heard of the rapid HIV test. There were significant differences in the key information understanding accuracy between HIVST. The accuracy rates were 18.0–80.6%. When the HIVST result was positive, more than 80% chose to seek confirmation. When the test was negative, 60.5% (159/263) participants of urine self-test and 32.8% (20/61) of OMT self-test chose regular retesting. When the test was ineffective, more than 80% chose to retest. In addition, 54.1% of the 146 voluntary participants to accept blood HIVST, followed by 15.8% accept blood and urine HIVST and 14.4% accept only urine HIVST. The main reason for choosing blood HIVST was "accuracy", while the main reason for choosing urine HIVST was "convenience". This findings lays a scientific theoretical basis for further carring out HIVST in China.