The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, agitation speed, and particle size on the high-temperature leaching kinetics of artificial willemite in low sulfuric acid solution. A mathematical model taking into account the change in acid concentration was evaluated for the leaching rate increased with increasing sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, and agitation speed and decreasing particle size. The kinetic analysis indicated that the leaching process was well interpreted by a modified grain model with product layer diffusion as the main rate-controlling step, and the shrinking core model was used to represent the reaction of each grain. The characteristic changes of the sample before and after leaching were studied using a scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the leaching mechanism. The apparent activation energy was found to be 22.06 kJ/mol at 373–413 K, and the reaction order with sulfuric acid concentration was 1.6472. On the basis of the grain model, the following rate equation was established: 1.07ln(1−0.93x)−[1.28ln0.17+(1−x)23−0.42(1−x)130.17+(1−x)23+0.84(1−x)13+4.5arctan(2.76(1−x)13−0.58)]+3.8=43.55e−22060RTt.
The technical practicability of high temperature leaching process using willemite concentrate as the materials was developed in the study for extracting base metals. The factors affecting the leaching rates of zinc, iron, and silica from willemite concentrate were investigated, and optimized for maximum zinc extraction and minimum iron and silica dissolution to meet the needs of solution purification. Under the studied conditions (413 K, 0.81 mol/L sulfuric acid, duration 60 min, liquid to solid ratio (L/S) 10 mL/g, agitation speed 550 rpm, particle size of −250 + 300 mesh and 1.4 MPa pressure), up to 97% zinc was leached into lixivium together with approximate 5.72% SiO2 and 21.11% Fe. The performance of liquid-solid separation was also improved with decreasing silica dissolution under the experimental conditions used.
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