To support various fifth generation (5G) wireless applications, a small, printed bowtie-shaped microstrip antenna with meandered arms is reported in this article. Because it spans the broad legal range, the developed antenna can serve or reject a variety of applications such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), sub-6 GHz, and ultra-wideband (UWB) 5G communications due to its multiband characterization and optimized rejection bands. The antenna is built on an FR-4 substrate and powered via a 50-Ω microstrip feed line linked to the right bowtie’s side. The bowtie’s left side is coupled via a shorting pin to a partial ground at the antenna’s back side. A gradually increasing meandering microstrip line is connected to both sides of the bowtie to enhance the rejection and operating bands. The designed antenna has seven operating frequency bands of (2.43–3.03) GHz, (3.71–4.23) GHz, (4.76–5.38) GHz, (5.83–6.54) GHz, (6.85–7.44) GHz, (7.56–8.01) GHz, and (9.27–13.88) GHz. The simulated scattering parameter S11 reveals six rejection bands with percentage bandwidths of 33.87%, 15.73%, 11.71, 7.63%, 6.99%, and 12.22%, respectively. The maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 4.46 dB. The suggested antenna has been built, and the simulation and measurement results are very similar. The reported antenna is expanded to a four-element design to investigate its MIMO characteristics.
To reduce interference from other wireless communications, a smaller super wideband frequency diversity hexagonal monopole antenna with switchable rejection band capabilities is proposed. The patch has the shape of hexagonal with an open-ended horizontal slot that divides the patch into upper and lower parts. The notch switchable features and the frequency diversity are controlled by changing the length of the resonator through alternating the state of two inserted parallel PIN diodes inside the horizontal openended slot. The upper part of the hexagonal patch is connected to the negative terminal of the diodes and the biasing circuit in the bottom layer through a conducting pin while the lower part is connected to the positive terminal of the diode. When both diodes are OFF the antenna works as a super wideband covering a bandwidth that starts at 3.37 and ends at 27.71 GHz. When both diodes are ON, a frequency band 3.81 -6.62 GHz is filtered, and a band notch has appeared. The antenna's radiation pattern is broadsided directional, and the efficiency reached 92.9 % and 96 % for the ON and OFF cases respectively. The reflection coefficient (S11) at the rejection reaches -3.06 dB at 5.38 GHz. The suggested design's overall size is 36 mm × 36 mm × 1.6 mm on an FR-4 substrate material with a loss tangent of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛿 = 0.02. Hence, the proposed super wideband antenna is well-suited for applications in wireless communications.
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