The karas plant (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk) is one of potentialy producing plant of high commercial agarwood. Before, product was only exploited from dead tree. However, increasing utilization for perfume, cosmetica and herb drug, which raises the value, has made people look for the agarwood by cutting away living tree. Therefore, for the conservation effort and to sustain production which is not depended on natural forest, the plantation needs to be established as a solution. Constraint in plantation establishment can be solved by planting seedlings coming from seeds or the seedling growing under mother tree. Mother tree in natural forest, grown within experimental plots with RCBD design are classified based on their diameter class (D 1 ± 20 cm, D 2 ± 30 cm, D 3 > 30 cm). Observation was done in five plots at random, with three replication, of which class of diameter was considered as treatment. After 2-3 month seeds will fall and grow into seedlings. Result showed that regeneration potential was depended on the mother tree diameter and width of canopy.
Gaharu wood stand has an important source of profits to the forest community in South and Southeast Asia tropical forest countries, but Aquilaria species have reduced in number and turn out to be endangered due to overexploitation. Today, the planting stocks of Aquilaria species are not sufficient to sustain the yield of gaharu wood and promote forest conservation. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi: Entrophospora sp., Gigaspora decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus sp. ZEA, and Glomus sp. ACA, on the early growth of Aquilaria malaccensis and A. crasna under greenhouse conditions. The seedlings of Aquilaria spp. were inoculated with Entrophospora sp., Gi. decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus sp. ZEA, Glomus sp. ACA and uninoculated (control) under greenhouse conditions. Then, percentage AM colonization, plant growth, survival rate and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content and mycorrhizal dependence (MD) were measured. The percentage AM colonization of A. malaccensis and A. crasna ranged from 83 to 97% and from 63 to 78%, respectively. Colonization by five AM fungi increased plant height, diameter, and shoot and root dry weights. N and P content of the seedlings were also increased by AM colonization. Survival rates were higher in the AM-colonized seedlings at 180 days after transplantation than those in the control seedlings. The MD of Aquilaria species was higher than 55 %. The results suggested that AM fungi can be inoculated`to Aquilaria species under nursery conditions to obtain vigorous seedlings, and the field experiment is underway to clarify the role of AM fungi under field conditions.
Indonesia has the highest resources potency of the agarwood tree producer in the world. Naturally they grow at various condition of ecosystem and forest type. At the beginning people collected agarwood from the died tree, but due to the increased demand in the market and naturally selling price turned higher, people started hunting and cutting living tree. This activity endangers the agarwood natural population. Since year 2004, the genus of Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops sp. have been put in the Appendix II CITES (Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna). In order to support the conservation effort, ecological study of agarwood tree producer is needed. The research was conducted through field survey in 3 sites namely site at <100 m, 200 m, and >200 m above sea level. Each observation was replicated 3 times. The location of the study was in Tabir Ulu subdistrict on Sorolangun regency on Jambi Province. The results showed that air temperature range from 20-33º C, humidity range from 78-81%, light intensity range from 56-75% with rainfall range from 1,200-1,500 mm/year. Tree Aquilaria spp. population in forest area according to altitude mean only 7 tree, the population potency of seedling nature average from each mother tree of the Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk mean amount to 287 seedling (20,3 m 2 crown canopy) and for the type Aquilaria microcarpa Bail amount to 331 seedling (24,5 m 2 crown canopy).
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