Imbalances of trace elements pose a serious threat to health and productive qualities of farm animals and poultry. In this regard, the next stage in the development of the science of feeding will be the control and optimization of the intake of mineral substances, including the determination of the elemental composition in biosubstrates. One of these biosubstrates can be hair. An analysis of literature data showed that the amount of available information on the content of trace elements in horsehair is limited, it makes it difficult to interpret laboratory data. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for the concentrations of main chemical elements in the hair of horses of the Yakut breed bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Hair samples were taken from the area of the mane from the first cervical vertebra in physiologically healthy mares of the Yakut breed (n=120; age 3-5 years) bred in livestock enterprises of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of Russia. The elemental composition of the samples was estimated according to 25 chemical elements (Al, As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, Hg, Sr, V, Zn) by ICP AES and ICP MS. Reference intervals of chemical elements in animal hair were calculated using the recommendations of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standard Guidelines (Poulsen et al., 1997; 2.5-97.5 percentile). As a result of the research, the following values of the limits of the intervals (mg/kg) were established: Al(10.59-29.01); As(0.018-0.041); B(0.198-1.09); Ca(702-1117); CD(0.004-0.052); Co(0.011-0.042); Cr(0.253-0.504); Cu(5.03-7.99); Fe(26.12-47.43); Hg(0.002-0.011); I(0.083-0.166); K(211-1009); Li(0.019-0.092); Mg(196-400); Mn(0.825-3.81); Na(75.95-495.0); Ni(0.127-0.407); P(345-454); Pb(0.089-0.305); Se(0.013-0.185); Si(22.58-44.55); Sn(0.123-0.444); Sr(2.69-4.02); V(0.019-0.095); Zn(99-162). The reference intervals obtained in our study can be used to assess the elemental status of mares bred in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Living vaccines are not widely used in practice to prevent and control brucellosis in domesticated reindeer. Brucellosis vaccines from strains 19 or 82 are characterized by a high level of reactogenicity and lead to complications in vaccinated animals. When studying the reactogenic properties of the vaccine from the B. suis 245 strain in the experiment on reindeer, the reaction of the body of domesticated reindeer to the subcutaneous injection of brucella from the B. suis 245 strain was considered. At the same time, no significant differences were observed when the vaccine was administered at a dosage of 10 and 50 billion microbial cells, and the size of edema in millimeters was fixed at the level of 39.0 ± 3.5 and 44.1 ± 2.6, respectively (P> 0.05). The dynamics of the body temperature of animals depending on the method of administration and dose of the vaccine, regardless of the dosage, body temperature, like other indicators of a physiological nature, remained within the normal range. It was found that in the early stages after vaccination, the indicators of the physiological state of the animal’s body are determined by whether the oral or subcutaneous method of administration of the vaccine was used. When vaccinated by the subcutaneous method, reactogenicity was less pronounced with the introduction of 5 billion microbial cells, compared with a dose of 50 billion microbial cells.
Using hybridization, breeds of merino sheep and archaromerinos were bred. At the same time, researchers note the possibility of transferring the characteristics of behavior and habits by inheritance from parents. The research aims to study the behavioral responses of first‐generation hybrid lambs in the early postnatal period in comparison with the behavior of ordinary domestic lambs. The object of the study was 4 hybrids of the first generation (ovchubuk) obtained from domestic sheep inseminated with the epididymal sperm of a bighorn sheep (chubuku), and 4 domestic lambs. Animals were kept in a pen of 625 m2 for close and constant contact with people. The observation was carried out from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. In the early postnatal period ‐ from birth to 4.5 months and the post‐weaning period ‐ from 4.5 to 6 months. The manifestation of reflexes or instincts was recorded on a letter, photo, video. Attempts to stand up newborn hybrids showed in the first 8‐10 minutes, 12‐15 minutes after birth they rose to all limbs, the lambs were able to stand up for 25‐30 minutes. The hybrids received the first portions of colostrum for 18‐20 minutes domestic ones for 35‐38 minutes. A characteristic feature of the hybrids was the diversity and duration of the sucking reflex. It lasted only 15‐17sec with breaks every 10‐15 minutes. In the lambs of the control group, the sucking reflex was calm and prolonged ‐ 1.5‐2 minutes. All newborn hybrids jumped on the backs of their mothers. The hybrids were distinguished by increased activity while maintaining caution good orientation in space, which was not observed in the lambs of the control group. The instinct of self‐preservation in hybrids was “silence.” When weighing and collecting biomaterial, the hybrids did not make any extra sounds, which cannot be said about the control group. In the “man‐animal” system, hybrids were quickly tamed in a smaller containment area. In the mother‐offspring system, the lambs of both groups followed their mothers everywhere. The hybrids showed: curiosity, keeping alert, jumping from a place, jumped with a 180‐degree turn in flight. In general, the ethological features of hybrid lambs differ significantly from the behavior of domestic lambs. After the birth of hybrid offspring, they use the instinct of cubs to imitate the behavior of an adult animal from a very early age. In addition, it is necessary to organize work so that pregnant sheep are in constant contact with humans in compact pens.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.