Introduction. The representation of people with disabilities affects the formation of the image in the public mind. The media play a significant role in shaping the representation of people with disabilities, and this affects the assessment, perception, value judgments about people with disabilities, which for a long time were built incorrectly, stereotyped, and did not contribute to integration, and contradicted the ongoing social policy of the state. Based on the study, the authors noted the neutral nature of the presentation of materials in print media, the use of the term “disabled”, which corresponds to the human rights model of disability, and their representation through materials related to the social policy of the state and charity.Methodology and sources. The research formed on the basis of understanding sociology, structural functionalism, phenomenology and modern communication theories. The article uses the ideas of M. Weber, T. Parsons, N. Luhmann, G. Lasswell, D.P. Gavra, M. Heidegger and E. Yarskaya-Smirnova. The main research method is the qualitative content analysis of federal media articles.Results and discussion. The study made it possible to identify the dominant ideas about people with disabilities and formulate recommendations for changing the nature of the representation of disability and the image of a person with a disability. The image of a disabled person is built on the basis of a medical model of disability and stereotypes based on perception through pity, sacrifice and helplessness. The predominance of such materials in the information field could form a negative image of people with disabilities as helpless people and being a “burden” in the minds of society members. It is required to increase the number of materials in the media that tell about the achievements of people with disabilities, as well as the formation of a monitoring system that will allow monitoring the observance of the rights of people with disabilities in the media.Conclusion. Based on a comparative analysis of the author's research and materials of other authors, it was made a conclusion about the stagnation of the representation of people with disabilities in the federal media, which is a social problem. More frequent use of the image of a disabled person as an independent actor and popularization of the trend for inclusion are required to solve it. Further options for studying the representation of people with disabilities in the media are presented.
Introduction.Research is devoted to the modern initiative practices of using web resources, which surgeons use to build a career and advance in a professional environment or aim for self-training. A review of Russian-language sources showed that studies on the topic are almost absent. The work was based on the principles of pragmatic sociology and revealed structural and functional changes manifested in new ways to improve professional skills through the opportunities provided by digital technologies.Methodology and sources. The authors rely on systemic, structural-functional approaches and the methodology of the French school of pragmatic sociology to describe the changes that digital technologies bring to the social institution of medicine. Foreign sources show a high researchers' interest in this field. Foreign colleagues develop the topic of web resources used in the routine practice of a surgeon having regard to his / her specialization, goal setting, etc. The publication is based on a questionnaire survey of 252 surgeons and four indepth interviews.Results and discussion. Web resources and social media in the professional practice of doctors in general and individual specializations are at the initial stage of scientific and practical understanding of Russian sociology. Appealing to web resources to improve the professional level or prepare for surgery is part of the routine practice of surgeons. At the same time, surgeons lack technical and organizational support, the actual use of web resources is underestimated, and institutional web resources are less popular than specialized communities and individual social media channels. Conclusion. Russian surgeons act in a resource-constrained Internet technology environment in their working place, bound by the lack of technical capabilities for creating, storing, and distributing video archives, the lack of special tools, and, often, skills for editing and commenting on videos, operations, and maintaining social media. The professional representation of surgeons on web resources is their initiative, and videos of the surgical operation are uploaded spontaneously. The mastership of the surgeon and the quality of the surgical operation posted do not have institutionalized forms of regulation and evaluation by the professional community.
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