Carbon nanodots (CNDs) were photochemically altered to produce dihydrogen under light irradiation. Within the complex structure of CNDs, photo-oxidation takes place at citrazinic acid molecular fluorophore sites. Important is the fact that the resulting CND materials have a dual function. On one hand, they absorb light, and on the other hand, they photo-and electrocatalytically produce dihydrogen from water and seawater, without any external photosensitizer or cocatalyst. Record HER activities of 15.15 and 19.70 mmol(H 2 ) g(catalyst) −1 h −1 were obtained after 1 h of 75 mW/cm 2 Xe lamp illumination, from water and seawater, respectively. This impressive performance outweighs the remaining structural uncertainties. A fullfledged physicochemical investigation based on an arsenal of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic characterizations together with microscopy enabled a comprehensive look into the reaction mechanism. For an efficient dihydrogen formation, a precatalytic activation by means of reduction with a sacrificial electron donor is imperative.

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) synthesized from citric acid and formyl derivatives, that is, formamide, urea, or N‐methylformamide, stand out through their broad‐range visible‐light absorbance and extraordinary photostability. Despite their potential, their use has thus far been limited to imaging research. This work has now investigated the link between CNDs’ photochemical properties and their chemical structure. Electron‐rich, yellow carbon nanodots (yCNDs) are obtained with in situ addition of NaOH during the synthesis, whereas otherwise electron‐poor, red carbon nanodots (rCNDs) are obtained. These properties originate from the reduced and oxidized dimer of citrazinic acid within the matrix of yCNDs and rCNDs, respectively. Remarkably, yCNDs deposited on TiO2 give a 30% higher photocurrent density of 0.7 mA cm−2 at +0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl under Xe‐lamp irradiation (450 nm long‐pass filter, 100 mW cm−2) than rCNDs. The difference in overall photoelectric performance is due to fundamentally different charge‐transfer mechanisms. These depend on either the electron‐accepting or the electron‐donating nature of the CNDs, as is evident from photoelectrochemical tests with TiO2 and NiO and time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements.

The article is about necessity of psyco-pedagogical attention to the problems of people psycophysical and emotional health saving. In order to get this difficult goal real, art of dance helps person to understand himself and leads to selfperfection. The dance is a merge of physical, psychological and esthetic activities. But the art of dance is also a therapeutic factor and its value is rising with developing of sangennic role of the art in modern life and in harmonization of Human-Universe relations.Functionality of dance art is quite wide. Thoughtful usage of dance impact leads to psychological and physical conditions stabilization and return of a person to harmonic life. Dance therapy is use of dance, plastic and rhythms for prophylactics and cure. So the objective of dance therapy is to establish a contact between a person and world. It could be done in parallel with language impact or without. Dance usage is based on the following: movement shows the person characteristics, its thoughts, mood, feelings, gained experience; combined elements of the movements make expressive dance with ability to self-expression. Dance therapy helps children to identify themselves and achieve better self-understanding. The objective of dance therapy is to destroy internal obstacles of child on its way to happiness and harmony.Also professional usage of dance therapy helps to stabilize child psychological condition and return it to normal life. That is why future dance teacher should pay attention to esthetic and therapeutic abilities of dance art and use them in their professional activities.

No abstract