The article presents the results of experiments to determine the interconnection between water impermeability and water absorption of ceramic tiles obtained on the basis of argillite-like clays that are widespread in the Southern Russia. It is shown that with a decrease in water absorption, the permeability of ceramics is normally reduced. It is found out that with 5% water absorption, a tile can be considered guaranteed waterproof. In this case, the index is independent of the tile thickness. It has been proved that it is possible to reduce the water absorption and increase the bending strength of tiles based on argillite-like clays by finer grinding of raw material or increasing the burning temperature. It is justified that the production of ceramics with high strength and low water absorption makes it possible to produce tiles with a smaller thickness and weight, as well as with lesser probability of biological corrosion.
The paper presents a study of quality of natural waters and water in a centralized water supply system during the period of an increase in the “Smell” indicator in the spring of 2021. The chemical and physical properties of water, the results of quality and quantity of studying the variety I phytoplankton in the most difficult period of deterioration in quality of river water. Low water and exceeding MPC concentrations of organic substances in river water. The Don River causes altered form odorant substance as evidenced by the results of determination in water 1,2,3- t rihlorbenzol and geosmin, hexachloroethane and aniline shown in operation. Barrier function of reagent treatment methods used at water treatment plants in the lower reaches of the river. The Don River, even when combined with carbonated water, is deficient in odor-producing substances.
The results of selection and principles of calculating the ceramic masses composition for the clinker tiles’ production from argillites taking into account the raw materials’ characteristics are presented. The positive properties of argillites, as well as the properties that do not allow the tiles’ production of by stamping, which is traditional for these products’ manufacturing, are noted. Having low sensitivity to drying, low air shrinkage, high strength of the calcined shard, while being fusible sintering raw materials, argillites are low plastic and have insufficient bonding during molding, which indicates the need for corrective additives. In this work, the task to select the composition of ceramic masses to increase the plasticity of argillites while maintaining the positive properties of the main raw material was set. The authors proposed the use of siliceous clays as a corrective additive. An integrated approach was applied in calculating ceramic masses by grain composition and chemical and mineralogical indicators. Based on the research of A.I. Avgustinik, the oxide content Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K and attitude Al2O3/SiO2 was taken into account. In order to obtain the densest packing, when calculating the grain composition, the natural dispersion of siliceous clays and the grain composition of previously prepared argillites were taken into account. The obtained theoretical calculations were tested in practice. Practical results showed that the 15% introduction of siliceous clay with the ceramic mass composition made it possible to obtain clinker tiles with improved physical and mechanical properties.
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