Background:
In this study, a liposomal gel based on a pH-gradient method was used to increase
the skin-layer retention of monocrotaline (MCT) for topical administration.
Methods:
Using the Box-Behnken design, different formulations were designed to form liposome suspensions
with optimal encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and stability factor (KE). In order to keep MCT
in liposomes and accumulate in skin slowly and selectively, MCT liposome suspensions were engineered
into gels.
Results:
A pH-gradient method was used to prepare liposome suspensions. The optimal formulation of
liposome suspensions (encapsulation efficiency: 83.10 ± 0.21%) was as follows: MCT 12 mg, soybean
phosphatidyl choline (sbPC) 200 mg, cholesterol (CH) 41 mg, vitamin E (VE) 5 mg, and citric acid
buffer solution (CBS) 4.0 10 mL (pH 7.0). The final formulation of liposomal gels consisted of 32 mL
liposome suspensions, 4.76 mL deionized water, 0.40 g Carbopol-940, 1.6 g glycerol, 0.04 g
methylparaben, and a suitable amount of triethanolamine for pH value adjustment. The results of in
vitro drug release showed that MCT in liposomal gels could be released in 12 h constantly in physiological
saline as a Ritger-Peppas model. Compared with plain MCT in gel form, liposomal MCT in gel had
higher skin retention in vitro.
Conclusion:
In this study, liposomal gels were formed for greater skin retention of MCT. It is potentially
beneficial for reducing toxicities of MCT by topical administration with liposomal gel.
At present, the heavy metal pollution has become one of serious environmental problems which has drawn the great attention to scientists. Biochar has great sorption capacity to heavy metals. It has become one of hotspots research of soil science and environmental science because of its huge application prospect in agriculture and environment. In this paper, biochars were derived from peanut shells at different pyrolysis temperatures and limited-air condition. The elemental compositions of biochars were characterized. The results showed that the concentrations of C increased with increasing temperature as a result of combustion and volatilization; while H, O decreased. The biochars showed appreciable capability of adsorption for copper from aqueous solution. The experimental data indicated that the sorption capacity of Cu(II) on the biochars increased by the increment of charring temperature, and decreased by the increment of charring time. It might be that biochar has aromatic ring structure after being charred.
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