The influence of saccharin addition on cathodic polarization, cathodic current efficiency, hardness, surface morphology, and internal stress of nickel electrodeposition from a Watts-type plating bath was studied in this work. The results show that the addition of saccharin may enhance the cathodic polarization, modify the surface morphology, increase the hardness, and decrease the tensile stress. In particular, when the concentration of saccharin is 0.4 g/L, the surface of nickel deposition is smoothest. When the concentration of saccharin is 0.05 g/L, the hardness of nickel deposition is highest.
ZnO hierarchical microstructures with uniform flower-like morphology were successfully prepared on a large scale through a carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC)-assisted hydrothermal route. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurement confirmed the formation of wurtzite-structured ZnO phase. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis indicated that the as-prepared ZnO sample was composed of numerous three dimensional flower-like microstructures, each of which was assembled by nanosheets with the thickness of about 40 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurement revealed the good crystallinity nature of the ZnO nanosheets in the flower-like microstructures. The formation mechanism and photocatalytic property of the as-prepared flower-like ZnO hierarchical microstructures were studied.
The layered Y-doped SnO2/C anode materials were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The physical properties of the Y-doped SnO2/C were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical measurements. XRD studies showed that the Y-doped SnO2/C has the same layered structure as the undoped SnO2/C. The SEM images exhibited that the particle size of Y-doped SnO2/C is smaller than that of the undoped SnO2/C and the smallest particle size is only about 1µm. The Y-doped SnO2/C samples were investigated on the Lithium extraction/insertion performances by charge/discharge, cyclic voltammograms (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results showed that the optimal doping content of Y was that x=0.07 and 2% content of carbon nanotubes samples to achieve high discharge capacity and good cyclic stability. The electrode reaction reversibility and electronic conductivity were enhanced, and the charge transfer resistance was decreased through Y-doping.
Abstract:Rushing trough is often used as drainage in steep slope section, velocity of flow can be reduced and water-damage of road can also be prevented furtherly if multi-step energy dissipation facility is placed in rushing trough. In this paper, CFD method is adopted and VOF calculating model is established and turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent dissipation rate are introduced as standard to analyse energy dissipation mechanics of the facility. The factors such as height of embankment, gradient of trough, size of step and velocity of flow in inlet, which can influence efficiency of energy dissipation, are also discussed in the paper and regression formula about efficency of energy dissipation is presented. All the conclusion can guide the design of consumed energy facility.
In this paper, the effect of C3H6N6modified by imidazolium based Ionic Liquid 1-butyl-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6) on polyurethane rigid foam flame retardant properties was conducted.The results show that the flame retardant properties of C3H6N6 modified with Ionic Liquid significantly increased and the LOI increased form 22.3 to 24.5. In the modification process, the ionic liquid mass have a very noticeable effect to the flame retardant property and when [BMIM]PF6 and C3H6N6 in quality was 4:6, Fire-retardant effect was best.Compared with the prior to the modification, C3H6N6 modified can increase effective Flame resistance of materials, horizontal burning speed from 67.6mm/min down to 33.4mm/min.Thermal degradation data show that C3H6N6 modified could improve initial decomposition temperature and reminder yield of rigid polyurethane foam,and then heat release reduced, the decomposition controlled,thermal stability increased.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.