As a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for water splitting, NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe LDH) demonstrates an excellent activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution. However, its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is challenged owing to the poor electronic conductivity and insufficient electrochemical active sites. Therefore, a three-dimensional self-supporting metal hydroxide/oxide electrode with abundant oxygen vacancies is prepared by electrodepositing CeO nanoparticles on NiFe LDH nanosheets. According to the density functional theory calculations and experimental studies, the oxygen vacancies at the NiFe LDH/CeO interface can be introduced successfully because of the positive charges accumulation resulting from the local electron potential difference between NiFe LDH and CeO . The oxygen vacancies accelerate the electron/ion migration rates, facilitate the charge transfer, and increase the electrochemical active sites, which give rise to an efficient activity toward HER in alkaline solution. Furthermore, NF@NiFe LDH/CeO needs a lower potential of 1.51 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm in overall water splitting and demonstrates a superior performance compared with the benchmark Pt/C and RuO, which is indicated to be a promising bifunctional electrode catalyst.

Abstract-Phase estimation is one of the enabling functionalities in coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing (CO-OFDM) receivers. In this letter, we compare pilot-aided and data-aided phase estimation methods for a CO-OFDM transmission experiment at 8 Gb/s over 1000-km standard single-mode fiber without optical dispersion compensation. We also show that as few as five subcarriers are sufficient for pilot-aided phase estimation. IndexTerms-Coherent communications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), phase estimation.

In this paper, we conduct theoretical and experimental study on the PMD-supported transmission with coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CO-OFDM). We first present the model for the optical fiber communication channel in the presence of the polarization effects. It shows that the optical fiber channel model can be treated as a special kind of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) model, namely, a two-input two-output (TITO) model which is intrinsically represented by a two-element Jones vector familiar to the optical communications community. The detailed discussions on various coherent optical MIMO-OFDM (CO-MIMO-OFDM) models are presented. Furthermore, we show the first experiment of polarization-diversity detection in CO-OFDM systems. In particular, a CO-OFDM signal at 10.7 Gb/s is successfully recovered after 900 ps differential-group-delay (DGD) and 1000-km transmission through SSMF fiber without optical dispersion compensation. The transmission experiment with higher-order PMD further confirms the immunity of the CO-OFDM signal to PMD in the transmission fiber. The nonlinearity performance of PMD-supported transmission is also reported. For the first time, nonlinear phase noise mitigation based on receiver digital signal processing is experimentally demonstrated for CO-OFDM transmission.

A 1-Tb/s single-channel coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) signal consisting of continuous 4,104 spectrally-overlapped subcarriers is generated using a novel device of recirculating frequency shifter (RFS). The RFS produces 320.6-GHz wide spectrum using a single laser with superior flatness and tone-to-noise ratio (TNR). The 1-Tb/s CO-OFDM signal is comprised of 36 uncorrelated orthogonal bands achieved by adjusting the delay of the RFS to an integer number of OFDM symbol periods. The 1- Tb/s CO-OFDM signal with a spectral efficiency of 3.3 bit/s/Hz is successfully received after transmission over 600-km SSMF fiber without either Raman amplification or dispersion compensation.

The first proof-of-concept experimental demonstration of coherent optical OFDM systems is reported. 128 OFDM subcarriers with a nominal data-rate of 8 Gbit=s are successfully processed and recovered after 1000 km transmission through SSMF fibre without optical dispersion compensation.

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The capacity degredation in layered Ni-rich LiNi x Co y Mn z O2 (x ≥ 0.8) cathode largely originated from drastic surface reactions and intergranular cracks in polycrystalline particles. Herein, we report a highly stable single-crystal LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05O2 cathode material, which can deliver a high specific capacity (∼209 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C, 2.8–4.3 V) and meanwhile display excellent cycling stability (>96% retention for 100 cycles and >93% for 200 cycles). By a combination of in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ pair distribution function analysis, an intermediate monoclinic distortion and irregular H3 stack are revealed in the single crystals upon charging–discharging processes. These structural changes might be driven by unique Li-intercalation kinetics in single crystals, which enables an additional strain buffer to reduce the cracks and thereby ensure the high cycling stability.