Abstract:To improve the mode share of public transport and reduce the transition to private transport of passengers waiting at bus station, the mechanism of passengers' decision-making procedure and influence factors of the travel mode choice were analyzed. Some latent variables such as safety, comfort, convenience, flexibility and economy were selected to reflect the satisfaction degree of passengers on the service level of public transport. Taking Jinan City as an example, the questionnaire of passengers' travel choice behavior at bus station was designed and carried out. Based on the structure equation model (SEM), the relationship between the satisfaction degree and some latent variables such as safety and comfort was discussed. The SEM method analysis shows that, of the influence level of the latent variables to the service level of public transport, flexibility is the most significant variable affecting passenger's satisfaction degree followed by safety, convenience, comfort and economy. Travel mode choice model of passengers waiting at bus station was established with an integration approach of SEM and nested logit (NL) model. The SEM-NL integration model results reveal that gender, monthly income, purpose of the trip, travel distance, safety and convenience service level have a significant effect on the choice of the upper model (public transport or private transport). Passenger's age, vehicle ownership and bus ride frequency have great influence on the choice of the lower mode (ORB: original route bus; ARB: alternative route bus; Taxi; and Shared bike). Sensitivity analysis reveals that the transition probabilities from private transport to public transport can reach the highest point (respectively, 69.85%, 68.84% and 35.51%) when safety service reaches level 4, convenience service reaches level 3, or comfort service reaches level 2, indicating that the safety level equal to 4, convenience level equal to 3 and comfort level equal to 2 are the key threshold to increase the public transport mode share. Some proposals such as ensuring good accessibility of public transport, shortening the transfer distance of different routes, creating a comfortable travel environment and integrating bus ticket system have been put forward for the sustainable development of public transport system.
Increasing public transportation subsidies have created fiscal pressures for governments. To ease this financial pressure, Chinese government strongly encourages private capital investment in public transportation. However, previous private capital investments in public transportation operations have largely failed, mainly due to low ticket fares that cannot support sustainable operations. To address this issue, several previous research projects have developed methods to facilitate private capital investment. The majority of the research focuses on qualitative analysis and value for money analysis. Our research proposed a new method of private capital investment in public transportation operations based on the concept of “passenger value.” The feasibility of the proposed method of private investment was analyzed quantitatively by constructing a bilevel programming model. The model was verified based on a sample analysis of Jinan city traffic. Results showed that effective private capital investment increases the total societal benefit from the public transportation system and additionally that the investment method considering “passenger value” is superior to the traditional one. A quantitative tool was provided by the model to evaluate private capital investment effects, design investment policies, and develop further research.
The congestion causes of parking lot were analyzed with causal chain method and a questionnaire about individual demand of parking users was carried out. The results show that more than 90% of the users hope parking spaces can be automatically assigned to them when it's difficult to find a parking space. The layout principles of WiFi in parking lot were provided. The automatic assignment mechanism of parking lot was given considering the individual demand of parking users and the avoidance of traffic conflicts. Some attribute decision factors such as lane occupancy conditions, travel distance, walking distance, and the occupancy situation of parking space on both sides were selected and optimal parking lot assignment model was established. Optimal paths were calculated through Dijkstra algorithm, and the information about the assignment location and path was sent to the drivers' cell phones. The driver's compliance was evaluated by comparing the driver's parking trajectory with system recommended path. Finally, a large parking lot in Beijing was taken as an example. The results can offer constructive suggestions on parking route design and parking assignment mechanism, which can make the use of the limited parking resources more effectively.
Tourists are confronted with congestion caused by concentrated travel during public holidays. In order to guide tourists to make voluntary changes regarding their travel times during holidays, this paper focuses on exploring holiday rush-hour avoidance travel behavior (HRATB) considering psychological factors. First, based on the theory of planned behavior, the effects of psychological factors including attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control on holiday avoidance travel intention and behavior were quantitatively analyzed by the structural equation model. Second, according to those three subjective psychological factors and the three objective factors of age, monthly income, and tourist group, the segmentation method of the latent class model was adopted to explore tourists' preferences with regard to HRATB. Finally, an empirical analysis was carried out through questionnaire data. The results show that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control have significant impacts on intention and behavior with regard to holiday avoidance travel. There are significant differences in psychological observation variables such as rush-hour avoidance travel intention, attitude and subjective norm among the four segments of tourists, and cost sensitivity. In addition, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the four types of tourists. Conclusions provide a theoretical basis for formulating travel measures to attract different types of tourists.
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