On the basis of the autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or genetically modified TILs for adoptive cell therapy have received more attention. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on the T cells exert complex response during the tumor immune response. But the composition and function of PD-1+T-cell subsets in TILs from human lung cancer still limited. In blood and TILs from human lung cancer patients, we confirmed that PD-1 is expressed in higher levels in CD4+T-cell subsets than in CD8+T-cell subsets. To further analyze the function of PD-1+T cells in TILs, we observed the cytokine production in different T-cell subsets. We found that higher interferon-γ and granzyme B production in CD4+/CD8+PD-1+T-cell subsets in TILs than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); except for PD-1+Tscm, higher tumor necrosis factor-α production was observed in PD-1+T-cell subsets in TILs than in PBMCs; the expression level of interleukin-17 were lower in PD-1++T cells in TILs than in PBMCs; and perforin expression was significantly reduced in CD4+PD-1+T cells subsets in TILs compared with peripheral blood. Clarify elucidating the composition and function of PD-1+T-cell subsets in TILs will have great value in clinical application for evaluating the sensitivity to PD-1 blockade and selecting the promising candidate T-cell subsets in TILs for combination immunotherapy in human lung cancer.
Two different diameter carbon nanotubes were incorporated into cement mortar to investigate the effect on mechanical and electrical properties of composites. Cement-based composites have been prepared from Portland cement with various amounts of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS), ranging from 0% to 0.3% by cement weight. In this study, effective dispersion of two different diameter MWCNTS in water were achieved by applying ultrasonic energy and in combination with the use of a surfactant. The flexural and compressive strength of mixes were investigated at age 7 and 28 days. The conductivity of composites were conducted by the four probe method at age of 3 day, 7 day,14 day and 28 day. Results indicated that the two carbon nanotubes can improve the flexural and compressive strength of the composites. Furthermore, the well dispersion carbon nanotube solutions can decrease the resistance of the composites as the better conductive networks are formed in the cement matrix, especially at the later ages. Scanning electron microscopy observation used to observe the fracture surface of specimens containing 0% and 0.3wt% nanotubes indicated that the MWCNTS were well dispersed and there were no obvious agglomerates visible in the matrix. The SEM image revealed good bonding between the MWCNTS and the surrounding matrix.
An experimental researches was performed for carbon black-reinforced cement-matrix composites. The carbon black used was in the form of particles with a nano-size. Results show that when content of the carbon black is between 0.25% and 0.75% by weight of cement, both flexural and compressive strengths of the composite can be enhanced. Flexural strength increases up to 9.69%, and compressive strength increases up to 6.92%, respectively. Moreover, the carbon black-reinforced composite is of high strain-sensing ability. The fractional change in resistance () increases monotonically upon compressive loading, and decreases monotonically upon unloading. These properties indicate that the carbon black-reinforced composite can be used for structural function, while at the same time act as a strain sensor itself. Compared with carbon fiber-reinforced composites, the carbon black-reinforced composite has a low price and is easy for mixing.
Bucket teeth of electric excavator used in metal mine bear severe impact and friction, so their life is short and this have an negative effect on productivity. The paper analyzes the case of failure and material of bucket teeth, and researches into the mechanism of abrasion of bucket teeth and distinguishing feature of the work hardening of ZGMn13, and draw the conclusion that it is correct to choose ZGMn13 as material of bucket teeth used in metal mine. Improve configuration of bucket teeth or enhance the abrasion resistance can prolong the service life.
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