In this study, AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors with a 5-nm p-GaN cap layer were investigated to compare their performance under various activation conditions. Specifically, p-GaN cap layers were activated using rapid thermal annealing at 700°C for 5, 10, and 15 min in an N2 environment before device fabrication. The gate leakage current reduced considerably when the p-GaN cap layer activation time was longer. The measured on/off current ratio was improved to 9 × 107 for a Schottky-gate device with 15-min annealing time. The breakdown voltage was increased using the activated p-GaN cap layer. In pulsed I–V measurements, the device with the p-GaN cap layer with a 15-min activation time exhibited less current dispersion.
In order to increase the separate-layer water injection effect of heterogeneous sandstone reservoir in Huabei Oilfield, improve the qualified rate of water injection and reduce the workload of sealing, testing and adjustment, the wireline intelligent separate-layer water injection technology was used. This technology can remotely read the downhole water injection flow, temperature, pressure which was collected by the intelligent water distributor in real time on the ground. And it also can adjust the nozzle size of the intelligent water distributor in real time to make the sealing test and adjustment work easily. Up to now, there are 180 wells were implemented by wireline intelligent separate-layer water injection technology in Huabei Oilfield. This paper introduces the characteristics, key tools and construction auxiliary devices of the wireline intelligent separate-layer water injection technology. And it also evaluates the effect of the 33 wells which were implemented in the past year. The effective probability of 33 well groups is 92%, and that of corresponding wells is 83.8%. The cumulative oil increment is more than 277830 bbl and it has saved the cost of sealing test and adjustment work by 33.12 million yuan. The effect is remarkable on cost decreasing and benefit increasing. The wireline intelligent separate-layer water injection technology can improve the water flooding oil recovery effectively and it is helpful to the accurate development of oil reservoir. This technology has great value of application and popularization.
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