Spikes (action potential) responses of most primary visual cortical cells in the macaque are sharply tuned for the orientation of a line or an edge and neurons preferring similar orientations are clustered together in cortical columns. The preferred stimulus orientation of these columns span the full range of orientations, as observed in recordings of spikes, which represent the outputs of cortical neurons.However, when we imaged also the thalamic input to these cells that occur on a larger spatial scale, we found that the orientation domain map of the primary visual cortex did not show the diversity of orientations exhibited by signals representing outputs of the cells. This map was dominated by just the one orientation that is most commonly represented in subcortical responses. This supports cortical feature selectivity and columnar architecture being built upon feed-forward signals transmitted from the thalamus in a very limited number of broadly-tuned input channels. Antinucci P, Hindges R. 2018. Orientation-selective retinal circuits in vertebrates. Front Neur Circ. 12: 11. Appelle S. 1972. Perception and discrimination as a function of stimulus orientation: the "oblique effect" in man and animals. Psychol Bull. 78:266-278. Berens P, Keiliris GA, Ecker AS, Logethetis NK, Tolias AS. 2008. Comparing the feature selectivity of the gamma-band local field potential and the underlying spiking activity in primate visual cortex. Frontiers Syst Neurosci. 2:2 Bonhoeffer T, Grinvald A. 1990. Optical imaging based on intrinsic signals: the methodology. In: Toga W, editor. Brain Mapping: The Methods. 1st ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press Inc. p 55-97. Bullier J, Henry GH. 1980. Ordinal position and afferent input of neurons in monkey striate cortex. J Comp Neurol. 193: 913-935. Campbell FW, Kulikowski JJ, Levinson J. 1966. The effect of orientation on the visual resolution of gratings. J Physiol.187:427-436. Chapman B, Bonhoeffer T. 1998. Overrepresentation of horizontal and vertical orientation preferences in developing ferret area 17. Proc Nat Am Soc. 95: 2609-2614. Churchland PS, Sejnowski TJ. 1998. Perspectives on cognitive neuroscience. Science. 242: 741-745. Coppola DM, White LE, Fitzpatrick D, Purves D. 1998. Unequal representation of cardinal and oblique contours in ferret visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 95: 2621-2623. 21 De Valois RL, Yund EW, Hepler, N. 1982. The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in the macaque visual cortex. Vis Res., 22:531-544. Dow BM, Snyder AZ, Vautin RG, Bauer R. 1981. Magnification factor and receptive field size in foveal striate cortex of the monkey. Exp Brain Res. 44: 213-228. Frostig RD, Lieke EE, Ts'o DY, Grinvald A. 1990. Cortical functional architecture and local coupling between neuronal activity and the microcirculation revealed by in vivo high-resolution optical imaging of intrinsic signals. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 87: 6082-6086. Grabska-Barwińska A, Distler C, Hoffmann KP, Jancke D. 2009. Contrast independence of cardinal preference: stable oblique effect in orien...
Spike (action potential) responses of most primary visual cortical cells in the macaque are sharply tuned for the orientation of a line or an edge, and neurons preferring similar orientations are clustered together in cortical columns. The preferred stimulus orientation of these columns span the full range of orientations, as observed in recordings of spikes and in classical optical imaging of intrinsic signals. However, when we imaged the putative thalamic input to striate cortical cells that can be seen in imaging of intrinsic signals when they are analyzed on a larger spatial scale, we found that the orientation domain map of the primary visual cortex did not show the same diversity of orientations. This map was dominated by just the one orientation that is most commonly preferred by neurons in the retina and the lateral geniculate nucleus. This supports cortical feature selectivity and columnar architecture being built upon feed-forward signals transmitted from the thalamus in a very limited number of broadly tuned input channels.
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