The cagA and vacA profiles and their association with clinical findings show a distinct geographical distribution. In the present study, we aimed to determine the cagA status and vacA allelic subtypes in strains isolated from a university hospital in Ankara and to evaluate their associations with histopathological and endoscopic findings. Materials and methods:A total of 120 H. pylori strains from stock cultures positive for the ureA gene were randomly included in the present study. Of these strains, cagA and vacA allelic subtypes (s1a, s1b, s2, m1, m2) were examined by polymerase chain reaction.Results: Of the 120 strains, 64 (53.3%) were cagA-positive. However, no significant relationship was found between clinical outcomes and cagA positivity. There were 38 (33.6%) strains that had vacA m1 and 74 (65.5%) that had vacA m2 region. Overall, 75 (70.1%) samples were classified as vacA s1a, 3 (2.8%) as vacA s1b, and 29 (27.1%) as vacA s2. There was no significant relationship between vacA genotypes and endoscopic findings. The predominant vacA genotypes were s1am2 (35.6%) and s1am1 (33.6%), with almost the same rates. Furthermore, cagA positivity was found to be significantly related with the vacA s1am1 genotype. Conclusion:The cagA and vacA profiles of our study population are consistent with the Middle Eastern profile.

Öz Purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an aerobic, nonspore forming, straight or slightly curved, gram-negative bacilli and it can grow at 42 °C. Virulence factors of P. aeruginosa are various and its morbidity, mortality and antibiotic resistance rates are increasing constantly. The aim of this study was to examine the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa isolates that isolated from various sites of the body. Material and Method: Isolates of patients that were identified as P. aeruginosa were included into the study (n:258). Identification was done in Hacettepe University Hospital Microbiology Laboratory. DNase, protease, elastase, pyocyanin, mucoid phenotype, haemolysis and motility tests were performed as phenotypic tests. Results: Positivity rates of the virulance factors are; 190 (73.6%) elastase, 170 (65.9%) protease, 222 (86%) motility, 56 (21.7%) pyocyanin, 205 (79.5%) hemolysis, 67 'si (26%) DNase and 53 (20.5%) mucoid phenotyp, respectively. Conclusion: Since the diversity of virulence factor produced by P. aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance rate increase, it causes difficult to treat infections. The data will provide an insight into new approaches to treatment. Amaç: Pseudomonas aeruginosa aerob, sporsuz, düz veya hafif kıvrımlı, 42 C° de üreyebilen Gram negatif basillerdir. P. aeruginosa; ürettiği virülans faktörlerinin çeşitliliği ve sürekli yükselen antibiyotik direnç oranlarıyla sık rastlanan, mortalite ve morbiditesi yüksek, tedavisi güç enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen P. aeruginosa suşlarının virulans faktörlerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi, Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı'nda hastalara ait örneklerden izole edilen ve P.aeruginosa olarak tanımlanan 258 suş çalışmaya dahil edildi. Fenotipik testler olarak DNaz, proteaz, elastaz, piyosiyanin, mukoid fenotip, hemoliz ve hareket testi çalışıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen suşların 190'ı (%73.6) elastaz, 170'i (%65.9) proteaz, 222'si (%86) hareket, 56'sı (%21.7) piyosiyanin, 205'i (%79.5) hemoliz, 67'si (%26) DNaz, 53'ü (%20.5) mukus varlığı açısından pozitif saptanmıştır. Sonuç: P. aeruginosa ürettiği virulans faktörlerinin çeşitliliği ve artan antibiyotik direnç oranlarıyla tedavisi güç enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerin yeni bir tedavi stratejisine yardımcı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

ÖZ Amaç: Antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri (ADT) akılcı antibiyotik kul-