The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of railway transport in the conditions of technological development in the interests of their improvement. It is indicated that Russia has developed a system of methods of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport. Attention is drawn to the insufficient effectiveness and efficiency of the current system of environmental and economic regulation mechanisms to encourage railway transport entities to technological modernization. The authors indicate the need to develop a comprehensive approach to the analysis and evaluation of mechanisms, taking into account their interdependence, dependence on internal and external factors, risks of technological development of the transport industry, and the impact of each mechanism on the environment. The article proposes to analyze and evaluate the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport based on the analysis and assessment of their contribution to the goals and objectives of state environmental policy at all levels (national, regional, industry, object). To analyze and evaluate the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport in the interests of implementing the state environmental policy in the context of technological development, an algorithm and indicator for analysis and evaluation are proposed. The authors draw attention to an important element of the analysis and evaluation of the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of railway transport-an assessment of the environmental and economic effects of the introduction and use of mechanisms. An algorithm and indicator for evaluating the integral ecological and economic effect of the introduction and use of mechanisms of ecological and economic regulation of railway transport are proposed. The proposed approach is aimed at improving the system of mechanisms for environmental and economic regulation of railway transport, taking into account the environmental imperative of technological development of the economy. The article is based on the results of research work on the topic No. 7280-20 «Improving the mechanisms of environmental and economic regulation of the turnover of fecal waste of railway transport», performed by the authors in 2020.
The article is devoted to the issue of taking into account the environmental factor in the evaluation and selection of infrastructure projects that are financed with the involvement of funds from the Russian National Wealth Fund. The purpose of the study is to improve the scientific and methodological base for the assessment and selection of infrastructure projects in the face of modern environmental challenges and threats. The work used universal and general scientific methods, methods of empirical and theoretical scientific knowledge, as well as special methods, due to the essence of the object and subject of research. The developed scientific and methodological foundations and proposals for the legal regulation of the assessment and selection of infrastructure projects, taking into account the environmental factor, are presented.
The paper considers the priority areas of greening warehouse logistics, as well as modern methods for assessing the effectiveness of environmentally friendly measures for waste management. The importance of considering warehouse logistics as an element of the logistics chain is noted. Research area and implementation of the research results – identification of the primary source of waste generation in warehouse logistics and identification of the most dangerous element in order to search for methods to increase environmental and economic efficiency in waste management. The article discusses the efficiency of greening in the management of film waste through the creation of an operational cycle for the waste of stretch film, as a promising one. The expediency of a separate assessment of environmental and economic efficiency was also determined, for the latter, modern methods of assessing project management were used. In assessing the indicators of economic efficiency, the potential was determined from the use of indicators that take into account the cost of money over time, in order to balance the fairly estimated economic efficiency from the reverse use of polyethylene waste in cooperation. A method of summary, consolidated assessment of the obtained indicators is proposed for the possible distribution of additional balanced profit in equal proportions. The results, methods and approaches considered in the article reveal the additional potential of greening the warehouse logistics link as an element of the logistics chain, and also determine the priority importance of managing the turnover of film waste over other waste generated in warehouse logistics. The possibility of obtaining economic efficiency from the results of the transition to «green» solutions has been proven not only for a warehouse company, but also for adjacent interacting sectors of the economy.
The article deals with the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of the strategy of environmental-oriented development of the enterprise based on the analysis of the processes of reducing the volume of waste from the production activities of the enterprise. An effective environmental-oriented strategy of the enterprise involves reducing the negative impact of the enterprise on the environment in the course of its production activities, based on the implementation of the least environmentally hazardous technologies for the disposal or disposal of waste from production activities. An approach is presented that assumes the creation of a synergistic environmental effect, which will be based on interaction in the supply chains of enterprises that are links in the supply chain in order to reduce the volume of waste from production activities. Based on the study of the processes of waste generation in the implementation of industrial activities of enterprises and as a result of environmental pollution, three variants of the waste management strategy based on the use of the projection method are formed. It is proposed to use the synergistic effect arising from the cooperation of activities in the supply chain in order to optimize the greening of production activities. In the interests of improving the efficiency and safety of strategies for environmental-focused development of enterprises, the authors pay attention to the development of tools for reducing the risks of complex systems projects and innovative technologies implemented at enterprises. The relevance of the development of a new approach to the examination of complex systems and innovative technologies is justified. The necessity of creating, implementing and implementing in practice methodological and organizational-methodological support for conducting a comprehensive environmental and socio-focused expertise of projects of complex systems and innovative technologies and training experts in order to improve the efficiency and safety of strategies for environmental-focused oriented development of enterprises is outlined.
The article analyzes the features of municipal solid waste management in Tokyo. Special attention is paid to the analysis of trends in the volume of waste in the city of Tokyo over the past decades, as well as the reasons for the constant decline in these volumes. The article deals with the waste management activities of the Clean Authority of Tokyo, discusses the features of treatment of various types of waste, as well as the arrangement of the Tokyo city waste landfill. It was noted that the capital of Japan succeeded in creating an effective system for the disposal and recycling of municipal solid waste that can ensure the environmental safety of the city, as well as integrate waste into the country’s fuel and energy complex. An important feature of Japanese waste management companies is the desire not only to comply with official environmental standards, but also to adhere to their own standards, even more stringent. Based on an analysis of Japanese experience, the authors put forward proposals for optimizing the sphere of waste management in Russia. In particular, attention is drawn to the need to prevent an environmental catastrophe caused by a careless attitude to waste, improve the quality of life of citizens, prevent social unrest associated with environmental pollution, and also involve waste in the generation of electricity and heat. The authors note that as part of the “trash” reform, it is necessary to increase the environmental awareness of citizens, provide citizens with relevant and complete information about the industry, and create stricter environmental standards for waste to energy plants and other enterprises involved in waste management.
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