The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-diphenyl ketone (DPK) mixture was studied as a new system to prepare PVDF membranes via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The phenomena of liquid-liquid phase separation was found in this mixture when the temperature of mixture was decreasing and the PVDF concentration was less than 30 wt %. Using DPK as diluent, PVDF membrane with bicontinuous structure was obtained without necessity to add a nonsolvent or a stretching process further. The phase diagram of PVDF-DPK system was also constructed to help investigate the effect of PVDF concentration and coarsening temperature on morphology of resulting membrane.The experiments showed that high coarsening temperatures and low PVDF concentrations resulted in the formation of the large pore size membrane. The strength of the wet membrane was decreasing with decreasing PVDF concentration. On condition that the PVDF concentration was larger than 30 wt %, thermally induced solid-liquid separation occurred and bicontinuous structure disappeared.
Diphenyl carbonate was used as a diluent to prepare microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via thermally induced phase-separation method. The liquid-liquid phase-separation phenomenon was found in PVDF/diphenyl carbonate system during the thermally induced phase-separation process. The monotectic point of this system appeared at a high polymer concentration approximately 56 wt %. This suggested that PVDF membrane with a bicontinuous or cellular structure could be obtained when the PVDF concentration was less than this point value. The effects of polymer concentration and quenching temperature on the membrane structure, porosity, and tensile strength were also investigated. The results showed that low polymer concentration and high quenching temperature led to a large pore size membrane. The tensile strength of the membrane increased with increase in the polymer concentration, but the porosity of the membrane decreased. On condition that the PVDF concentration was higher than 60 wt %, only polymer crystallization occurred and a typical compact spherulitic structure was obtained.
A highly hydrophilic hollow fiber poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane [PVDF-cl-poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) membrane] was prepared by a cross-linking reaction with the hydrophilic PVP, which was immobilized firmly on the outer surface and cross-section of the PVDF hollow fiber membrane via a simple immersion process. The cross-linking between PVDF and PVP was firstly verified via nuclear magnetic resonance measurement on PVP solution after cross-linking. The hydrophilic stability of the modified PVDF membrane was evaluated by measuring the pure water flux after different times of immersion and drying. The antifouling properties were estimated by cyclic filtration of protein solution. When the cross-linking time was as long as 6 hr and the PVP content reached 5 wt %, the pure water flux (J v ) was constant as $ 600 L m À2 hr À1 . The hydrophilicity of the PVDF-cl-PVP membrane was significantly enhanced and exhibited a good stability. The PVDF-cl-PVP membrane showed an excellent anti-proteinfouling performance during the cyclic filtration of bovine serum albumin solution. Therefore, a highly hydrophilic and anti-proteinfouling PVDF hollow fiber membrane with a long-term stability can be prepared by a simple and economical cross-linking process with PVP.
Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method using a binary diluent of diphenyl ketone (DPK) and 1,2-propylene glycol (PG). The phase diagram for the PVDF/binary diluent of DPK and PG system was measured in the range of the PG/DPK mass ratio changing from 0 to 2/3. Then the effects of the PG/DPK mass ratio and the PVDF concentration on membrane cross-section structures and tensile strength were also investigated. The results showed that the addition of PG brought about a shift of the cloud point curve to a higher temperature and the extension of the liquid-liquid phase separation region to a higher polymer concentration. Therefore a bicontinuous cross-section structure was obtained when the PG/DPK mass ratio was 3/7 and the polymer concentration was 30 wt %. As an increase of the PG/DPK mass ratio, the tensile strength increased gradually at a fixed PVDF concentration. Moreover, for the same PG/DPK mass ratio, the cross-section microstructure changed from a bicontinuous or a cellular structure to a spherulitic structure, and the tensile strength increased drastically as the polymer concentration increased from 20 to 50 wt %.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.