Phage therapy has been proven to be more effective, in some cases, than conventional antibiotics, especially regarding multidrug-resistant biofilm infections. The objective here was to isolate an anti-Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage and to evaluate its efficacy against planktonic and biofilm cultures. E. faecalis is an important pathogen found in many infections, including endocarditis and persistent infections associated with root canal treatment failure. The difficulty in E. faecalis treatment has been attributed to the lack of anti-infective strategies to eradicate its biofilm and to the frequent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. To this end, an anti-E. faecalis and E. faecium phage, termed EFDG1, was isolated from sewage effluents. The phage was visualized by electron microscopy. EFDG1 coding sequences and phylogeny were determined by whole genome sequencing (GenBank accession number KP339049), revealing it belongs to the Spounavirinae subfamily of the Myoviridae phages, which includes promising candidates for therapy against Gram-positive pathogens. This analysis also showed that the EFDG1 genome does not contain apparent harmful genes. EFDG1 antibacterial efficacy was evaluated in vitro against planktonic and biofilm cultures, showing effective lytic activity against various E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, regardless of their antibiotic resistance profile. In addition, EFDG1 efficiently prevented ex vivo E. faecalis root canal infection. These findings suggest that phage therapy using EFDG1 might be efficacious to prevent E. faecalis infection after root canal treatment.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the coexisting factors for EIR and to characterise EIR clinically and demographically. All cases of EIR that were referred to the endodontic department between 2011 to 2016 and diagnosed by an endodontist were evaluated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected and evaluated. Thirty-eight cases of EIR diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included in the study. Seventy-one percent of EIR cases were misdiagnosed by general practitioners. The most affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (29% of cases) and mandibular molars (26%). Sixty-eight percent of EIR cases were diagnosed in teeth with clinically normal pulp. Pulp necrosis was observed mainly in the advanced stages (class 3 and class 4) of EIR (75%) and in teeth with a history of trauma (63%). Histories of previous trauma and orthodontic treatment were reported in 29% and 23% of cases, respectively.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine whether the thickness of the preoperative soft tissue affects the degree of soft tissue movement relative to the hard tissue movement after orthognathic surgery. Methods: This is a retrospective examination of lateral cephalometric X-rays of patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in single medical center, during a 5-year period. Demographic and operative data were collected. Soft tissue thickness was measured in preoperative cephalometric X-ray, followed by superimposition of postoperative (>6 months) cephalometric X-rays by overlapping fixed bony points. Results: In the upper jaw, there was a decrease in the relative movement of soft tissue with an increase in the initial thickness in surgeries performing advancements up to 5 mm (r = −0.288). In mandibular advancements, there was a clear decrease in soft tissue movement ratio with an increase in the initial soft tissue thickness (r = −0.418), while there was no correlation in mandibular setback cases (r = 0.062). The same correlation between the decrease in relative soft tissue movement and the increase in initial soft tissue thickness was found in advancement genioplasty (r = −0.411). Conclusion: This research shows a general pattern of decrease in relative movement of soft tissue in orthognathic surgery correlated to an increase in its initial thickness.

Objectives: Orthognathic surgery is popular and provides patients with improved aesthetics and functionality. The procedure is considered safe and predictable. Possible complications do exist and can be life-threatening. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of intra- and post-operative complications, and to define possible correlations between diagnoses. Study Design: Medical records of 103 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery in a 4.5-year period (2013–2017), at the Baruch Padeh “Tzafon” Medical Center in Poriya (PMC), Israel, were retrospectively collected. The data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and non-parametrical tests. Results: In total, there were 56 complications in 45 patients (43.7% probability of complication per patient). Major complication occurred in only one case (1%), moderate complications appeared in 8.7% of the cases, while the most prevalent minor complications were temporary nerve injury and hardware issues (17.5% and 15.5%, respectively). Statistical analysis revealed that bi-max surgery has significantly higher (OR 1.34, CI 99% 1.05–1.69, p = 0.019) prevalence of complications than one-jaw surgery, as did skeletal class II patients (OR 2.75, CI 99% 2.25–3.35, p = 0.022), as compared to skeletal class III patients. Conclusions: Serious complications seem to be rare in orthognathic surgery at PMC.

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