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Nutcracker syndrome can present with various disabling symptoms. To our knowledge, there are no reports that describe a robotic-assisted approach in its management. We present a patient who underwent robotic-assisted nephrectomy after the failure of conservative management of nutcracker syndrome and a second patient who underwent robotic-assisted nephrectomy with autotransplant. Surgery and immediate post-op courses were uncomplicated. Robotic-assisted nephrectomy with or without autotransplant can be a feasible, minimally invasive option for select patients with nutcracker syndrome.

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The changes in the nonlinear refractive of Bradford reagent caused by its binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated in aqueous solutions. The nonlinear refractive index at the wavelength of 514 nm was measured using Z-scan Technique. The presence of BSA shows an increase of the nonlinear refractive index coefficient over Bradford reagent alone. The nonlinear refractive index the BSA was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of the BSA. The nonlinear values n 2 shows extended linearity over wide range of relatively high concentration. This extended linear range can be considered as an advantage over traditional absorption at peak value.