AIMTo investigate the role of regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets in the balance between Treg and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in various tissues from mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.METHODSTreg cells, Treg cell subsets, Th17 cells, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+IL-17+ cells from the lamina propria of colon (LPC) and other ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse tissues were evaluated by flow cytometry. Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), and RORC mRNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR, while interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-17A levels were detected with a Cytometric Beads Array.RESULTSIn peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), mesenteric lymph node (MLN), lamina propria of jejunum (LPJ) and LPC from UC mice, Treg cell numbers were increased (P < 0.05), and FoxP3 and IL-10 mRNA levels were decreased. Th17 cell numbers were also increased in PBMC and LPC, as were IL-17A levels in PBMC, LPJ, and serum. The number of FrI subset cells (CD4+CD45RA+FoxP3low) was increased in the spleen, MLN, LPJ, and LPC. FrII subset cells (CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3high) were decreased among PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC, but the number of FrIII cells (CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3low) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+IL-17A+ cells was increased. FoxP3 mRNA levels in CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3low cells decreased in PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC in UC mice, while IL-17A and RORC mRNA increased. In UC mice the distribution of Treg, Th17 cells, CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3high, and CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3low cells was higher in LPC relative to other tissues.CONCLUSIONIncreased numbers of CD4+CD45RA-FoxP3low cells may cause an imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells that is mainly localized to the LPC rather than secondary lymphoid tissues.
To investigate the effects of different weight loss interventions on body mass index (BMI) and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese patients. Obese patients (n = 135) admitted to our hospital between December 2020 and August 2022 were divided into 3 groups, according to their diet patterns: calorie-restricted diet (CRD) group (n = 39), high-protein diet (HPD) group (n = 28), and 5 + 2 intermittent fasting (IF) group (n = 68). Body weight, body fat rate, BMI, hip circumference, and waist circumference were measured before and 60 days after implementation of the respective diet plan. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and adverse events were evaluated. Following the dietary intervention, the weight ( P = .005 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .001 for IF), body fat rate ( P = .027 for CRD, P = .002 for HPD, and P = .011 for IF group), BMI ( P = .017 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .002 for IF group), hip circumference ( P < .001 for CRD, P = .013 for HPD, and P = .032 for IF group), waist circumference ( P = .005 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .028 for IF group), HbA1c ( P = .014 for CRD, P = .002 for HPD, and P = .029 for IF group), FBG ( P = .017 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .033 for IF group), and 2hPG ( P = .009 for CRD, P = .001 for HPD, and P = .012 for IF group), were significantly decreased. TG ( P = .007 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .018 for IF group), TC ( P = .029 for CRD, P = .013 for HPD, and P = .041 for IF group), LDL-C ( P = .033 for CRD, P = .021 for HPD, and P = .042 for IF group), and LDL-C ( P = .011 for CRD, P < .001 for HPD, and P = .027 for IF group) improved significantly in the 3 groups, when compared to that before treatment. The HPD had the best effect on reducing blood lipids, followed by the CRD; the effect of IF was slightly lesser. Short-term HPD, CRD, and IF can reduce the weight and body fat of overweight/obese individuals and improve blood lipid and blood sugar levels. The effect of HPD on weight loss, body fat, and blood lipid levels was greater than that of CRD or IF.
Aims/Introduction: To estimate the prevalence, and patient clinical and demographic profile, as well as risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing, China. Materials and Methods: Hospitalized adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were consecutively screened and invited for an overnight polysomnography from four hospitals in Beijing, China, from May 2016 to February 2017. We used the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 polysomnography recording techniques and scoring criteria to identify the type of apnea and the severity of OSAS. The v 2 -test was used to evaluate differences between groups regarding the prevalence, and demographic and other clinical parameters. Results: A total of 735 patients were found eligible for the study, of whom 309 patients completed the overnight polysomnography. The mean age of the patients was 58.2 -10.9 years, and most (67.3%) were men. The prevalence of overall (apnea hypopnea index ≥5/h), moderate-to-severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥15/h) and severe (apnea hypopnea index ≥30/h) OSAS was 66.3% (95% confidence interval 60.8-71.6%), 35.6% (95% confidence interval 30.3-41.2%) and 16.5% (95% confidence interval 12.5-21.1%), respectively. Central and mixed apnea contributed 12% to all sleep-disordered breathing. With the aggravation of OSAS, the combined prevalence for central, mixed and obstructive apnea increased from 57% to 70%. We found OSAS to be associated with older age, obesity, self-reported snoring and apnea, and diabetes complications. Conclusions: Guidelines on screening and treatment of OSAS among hospitalized patients with diabetes are needed to direct the routine practice for diabetes endocrinologists for optimal clinical care of such patients.
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