Statins possess a wide variety of pleiotropic properties that are independent of their lipid-lowering abilities such as attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, platelet aggregation and stimulating bone formation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of statins on clinical periodontal parameters and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Seventy-nine subjects with hyperlipidemia and 48 systemically healthy controls (C) were included. Hyperlipidemic patients were either given a diet (HD) or prescribed statin (HS). Patients were classified into three subgroups as those who were periodontally healthy (h), who had gingivitis (g), or who had chronic periodontitis (p). Blood samples were collected for the measurement of lipid profiles. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β, IL-10, and MPO were measured in order to determine the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of statins. Probing depth values of the HSp group were significantly lower than those of the Cp group. Percentage of BOP of the HSg group was significantly lower than those of the HDg and Cg groups. While the IL-1β level of the HSp group was significantly lower than that of the HDp group, IL-10 levels of the HSg group were significantly higher than those of the HDg group. MPO levels were significantly lower in the HSg group when compared to those in the HDg and Cg groups. Statin use decreased the IL-1β and MPO levels and enhanced IL-10 in GCF. It can be suggested that statins may attenuate periodontal inflammation and progression of periodontal inflammation.

Traumatic dental and facial injuries are frequent in sports and often cause esthetic, functional, psychological, and economic problems. The term "weekend warrior" is used to describe people who participate in physically demanding activities only on the weekend, or part-time. In this prospective cohort study, we examined the prevalence of dental trauma and knowledge of traumatic dental injuries among weekend warriors in Ankara, Turkey. A detailed questionnaire on mouthguard awareness and knowledge and experience of dental trauma was distributed to 1,007 weekend warrior athletes participating in a soccer tournament. The results showed that 9.8% of participants had experienced orofacial trauma, 21.7% were aware of mouthguards, 2.9% reported using mouthguards, 15.4% were aware of the field of sports dentistry, and 19.6% were aware of emergency treatment for dental trauma. Participation in sports, especially contact sports, greatly increases the risk of dental injury. The present results show that knowledge of traumatic orofacial and dental injuries is limited among weekend warriors. Public health authorities should develop relevant educational programs, including broad dissemination of information on the risks of traumatic dental injuries and methods for protection against such injuries. (J Oral Sci 57, [191][192][193][194] 2015)

No abstract

The results suggest that tongue scraping can be taken into consideration in order to manage gingival inflammation as well as VSC levels in gingivitis patients but further clinical studies are required to judge the clinical relevance.

Background and objectives Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker derivative, is frequently used by patients with high blood pressure. Studies reported that it can induce gingival overgrowth. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully described yet. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) is known as a proinflammatory cytokine, but current studies indicate that it has a role in fibrotic disorders and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to figure out the possible role of IL‐17A in amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth. Materials and methods Twenty‐nine (29) individuals participated in the study, and they were assigned into 3 groups based on medical status and clinical periodontal examination; 9 patients with amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth, 11 patients with inflammatory gingival overgrowth, and 9 healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI) were recorded. Blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Gingival tissues were taken by appropriate periodontal surgery following initial periodontal therapy. To detect IL‐17A on tissue samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Quantitative analysis was done, and the expression level of IL‐17A was given as the percent positively stained cells. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyze IL‐17A in serum and GCF samples. Results All recorded clinical parameters were significantly higher in gingival overgrowth groups compared with control. Evaluation of inflammation on tissue sections did not show any significant change within the groups. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that IL‐17A expression was increased in amlodipine samples (81.90%) compared with control samples (42.35%) (P < .001). There was an increase in the inflammatory group (66.08%) which is significantly less than the amlodipine group (P < .05). IL‐17A levels in serum and GCF samples were not different within the study groups. Conclusion In this study, elevated IL‐17A expression regardless of inflammation shows that amlodipine might cause an increase of IL‐17A in gingival tissues. This increase might induce fibrotic changes and EMT in gingival overgrowth tissues. The association of IL‐17A with fibrosis and EMT in gingival tissues requires further investigation.

ÖZSpor diş hekimliği, diş hekimliği bilimi içerisinde gelişmekte olan bir alandır ve spor kaynaklı dental travmaların önlenmesini ve tedavisini içerir. Birçok sportif aktivite sırasında orofasiyal travmalar oluşabilmekte ve dental bölge bu travmalardan sıklıkla en çok etkilenen bölge olmaktadır. Bu travmatik yaralanmaların estetik, fonksiyonel, psikolojik ve ekonomik yönü göz önüne alındığında, korunma ve erken tedavinin önemi ortaya çıkmaktadır. Spor kaynaklı dental yaralanmaların insidansını azaltmak ancak atletlerin, koçların ve spor organizasyonlarının bu konu ile ilgili bilgilendirilmeleri ile mümkün olabilir. Amatör veya profesyonel olsun, tüm sporcular ağız ve yüz koruyucu başlıklar gibi koruyucu ekipmanlar konusunda bilgi sahibi olmalıdır. Bu derlemede, spor kaynaklı dental yaralanmalar ile yaralanmalardan korunma ve tedavi yöntemleri üzerinde durulacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Spor yaralanmaları, dental travma, ağız koruyucu. Traumatic Dental Injuries In Sports ABSTRACTSports dentistry is a developing field of dentistry and includes the prevention and management of sports--related dental traumas. Dental injuries are the most frequent type of orofacial injuries that may occur during participation in sports activities. When considering the esthetic, functional, psychological, and economic consequences of traumatic injuries, prevention becomes more of an issue. Decreasing the incidence of sports--related dental trauma is possibly due to the education of athletes, coaches and sports organizations about sports--related orofacial injuries. Athletes, whether in amateur or professional level, should have a knowledge of the prevention strategies including the wearing of mouth--guards, face guards and helmets. Sports related dental injuries together with the prevention and treatment of such injuries will be the focus of this review.

The proposed therapeutic anatomically based clinical and radiological classification for the dental implant treatment seems to be reproducible, objective, and helpful in planning dental implant treatment. Future studies with a larger sample size are needed to further validate the outcome obtained in this pilot study.