In this article we examine recent trends in international attitudes toward climate change by exploring public support for government action and for changing personal behavior. Our approach to these issues differs from previous studies in two important ways. First, we examine public attitudes using multiple cross-national surveys conducted by the BBC World Service, Pew Global Attitudes Project, the World Bank, and other organizations. This examination facilitates analysis of variation among and between developed and developing societies. Using repeated surveys of the same countries and several measures of speciªc issues allows us to construct reliable indicators of public opinion toward climate change. Second, instead of looking exclusively at measures of general concern, we study responses to more detailed questions that reºect the intensity of public concern on this issue, the degree of support for speciªc policies, and the willingness to change individual behavior.Although surveys show considerable international concern about climate change, we found signiªcant cross-national variation in intensity of concern, support for domestic and international policies, and propensity to change individual behavior. To explain such variation, we tested the impact of two key national factors-economic afºuence and vulnerability to climate change. Economic afºuence, represented by GDP per capita, indicates a country's material and technological capacity to address climate change and the economic security of its citizens. Climate vulnerability reºects the susceptibility of a country to a variety of risks and hazards associated with climate change such as drought, ºooding, and soil erosion.Our analysis shows that a national population's attitudes toward climate change are not straightforwardly related to its afºuence and climate vulnerability. Citizens in developed nations tend to be less concerned about climate change and less supportive of certain climate policies than those in developing nations. These ªndings support earlier critiques of the post-materialism hypothesis, which suggests that developed countries will place greater priority on environmental issues. We also found that while a country's susceptibility to climate change does not explain cross-national variation in levels of concern, it does correlate with people's willingness to pay for climate policies.These results help explain the dynamics and intensity of international attitudes toward climate change. Although the inºuence of public opinion on climate policy is a separate research issue, our analysis offers insight about politically feasible climate policies that can garner public support. In this article we review the literature on cross-national variation in public opinion on climate change. We then present the survey data and our ªndings and discuss the implications of our analysis. 4 80 • Cross-National Public Opinion on Climate Change 4. We focus on cross-national variation and include individual-level variations within countries only in one multi-level re...
College degrees used to be evaluated primarily by their academic content and intellectual depth, when graduating from a university was sufficient to ensure gainful employment. However, as the economy has changed, so too have the requirements for entering the working world and graduate professional schools. Internships have become a key for post-graduation employment, and often an important means for improving the quality and significance of early professional placement. Internships give students an opportunity to acquire useful work experience, and perhaps more importantly, an understanding of the type of career they might wish to pursue after graduation. Although most undergraduates tend to think of all internship programs in similar terms, not all internship programs are the same. This paper examines three different internships programs offered at the University of Southern California, compares the organizational and process components of the programs, and assesses the impact of the programs on the student participants.
The purposes of this book are twofold: first, to call into question what the author takes to be the dominant economic approach to explaining institutional change-and thus public policy outcomes-and second, to offer an
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