Liposomes prepared from a mixture of L-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and the PEGilated phospholipid N-(carbonylmethoxypoly(ethylene glycol 2000))-1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine were used as templates for the production of silica and alkylated silica approximately 100 nm capsules, "liposils", entrapping aqueous solutions of anionic dyes. Triggered release of this content was successfully affected by either low-frequency ultrasound or by microwave treatments. Cryo-TEM was used to follow the formation process of these particles, which are aggregated in a chain-like manner. A mechanism explaining this phenomenon is suggested.
Introduction: Cancer may cause signiicant disruptions in normal adolescent development particularly in social domains. Both treatment and survivorship pose challenges to fostering social connections. To better understand these challenges, we conducted a systematic literature review of the experience of social isolation and connectedness in adolescents with cancer and adolescent survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: A systematic review of the scientiic literature was conducted following PRISMA Guidelines. Eligible articles included original peer-reviewed research published in English between January 2000 and April 2020 that reported on social domains of patients and survivors of cancer between the ages of 10-21. Initial database search identiied 4606 articles with 43 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Results were synthesized into four domains: (1) the prevalence of connectedness/isolation; (2) risk factors associated with social isolation; (3) protective factors against social isolation; (4) the impact of social isolation on psychological health. Overall, adolescent patients and survivors of cancer have satisfactory social connectedness. However, certain subgroups including those with central nervous system tumors are at higher risk of social isolation. Conclusions: In general, adolescent cancer patients and survivors report levels of social connectedness consistent with healthy adolescent population norms. The risk and protective factors identiied in this review may help serve as important indicators for psychosocial screening and interventions. These indings are particularly relevant in the COVID-19 era as all adolescents face challenges to social connections and psychosocial development.
Competence in complete dentures falls short of what is expected. With a single exception all the schools seem to have low expectations for their undergraduate students to be practically trained and experienced in the production of complete dentures. Despite the advent of implants and the introduction of clinical dental technicians, there is and will continue to be a need for the competent treatment of the edentulous population by general practitioners.
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