Background:Umbilical arterial blood gas (UABG) analysis is more objective than other methods for predicting neonatal outcome. Acidemic neonates may be at risk for unfavorable outcome after birth, but all neonates with abnormal arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis do not always have poor outcome.Objectives:This study was carried out to determine the short term outcome of the neonates born with an abnormal ABG.Patients and Methods:In a cohort prospective study 120 high risk mother-neonate pairs were enrolled and UABG was taken immediately after birth. All neonates with an umbilical cord pH less than 7.2 were considered as case group and more than 7.2 as controls. Outcomes like need to resuscitation, admission to newborn services and/or NICU), seizure occurrence, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), delayed initiation of oral feeding and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered as being significant.Results:Comparison of short term outcomes between normal and abnormal ABG groups were as the fallowing: need for advanced resuscitation 4 vs. 0 (P = 0.001), NICU admission 16 vs. 4 (P = 0.001), convulsion 2 vs. 0 (P = 0.496), HIE 17 vs. 4 (P = 0.002), delay to start oral feeding 16 vs. 4 (P = 0.001), mean hospital stay 4 vs. 3 days (P = 0.001). None of the neonates died in study groups.Conclusions:An umbilical cord PH less than 7.2 immediately after birth can be used as a prognostic factor for unfavorable short term outcome in newborns.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level and Waist Circumference (WC) in men and women among 25–65 years old people in the north of Iran.Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional and analytical research gender that carried out on the 1797 subjects (941 males and 856 females) between 25–65 years old using multistage cluster sampling technique. FBG was measured in the morning after a 12-hour fast and was determined by using laboratory kits (enzymatic methods) and spectrophotometry technique. Central obesity was defined based on World Health Organization criteria: waist circumference ≥102 cm and ≥88 cm in men and women, respectively. The SPSS.16 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsAs whole, the mean of FBG in women (98.3 ± 40.1 mg/dl) was higher than in men (94.6 ± 32.2 mg/dl). Also, the mean of WC in men 4.5 cm was lower than in women. In men, the mean of FBG statistically differs between normal and central obese subjects both in 35–45 year-age group (P = 0.001) and in 45–55 year-age group (P = 0.042). As whole, in men, the FBG level increased up 2.82 mg/dl in each 10 cm of WC with the highest rate in 35–45 year-age group. In totally, in women, the FBG level increased up 3.48 mg/dl in each 10 cm of WC and in 25–35 year-age group and it was higher than in other age groups. In men, the regression coefficients were constant with age increasing while in women it was decreased. Constant trend in men and decreasing trend in women with age was shown between FBG and WC. The cut-off point of WC for detecting of diabetes obtained 89 cm and 107 cm in men and women, respectively.ConclusionThe positive correlation was seen between WC and FBG level and it was declined with age in women. Cut-off point for detecting of diabetes in men was less than in women. WC is useable as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk among adults in the north of Iran.
Background: One of the benefits of delayed cord clamping is a reduction in the rate of intraventricular hemorrhage. The findings in this regard are controversial and some negative effects of the procedure have been reported. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of delayed cord clamping on intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 70 preterm neonates delivered via cesarean section. Their gestational age was less than 32 weeks and the birth weight less than 1500 grams. Neonates were randomly assigned to two groups of early cord clamping (less than 10 seconds) or delayed clamping of the umbilical cord (30 -45 seconds after birth). 3 to 7 days after birth, presence of Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in both groups was checked by ultrasonography (Mindray machine, model m7) and. Rate and severity of IVH was compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in mean gestational age, birth weight, gender distribution and medications in both groups of delayed cord clamping and early clamping of the umbilical cord. The incidence of seizures in the early clamping was 8.6% and in the delayed clamping zero (P = 0.239). The incidence rate of IVH and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was 11.43% and 5.7%, respectively in the early clamping, while this rate was zero in the delayed clamping group. This difference was not statistically significant in both indicators (P = 0.12 and P = 0.493, respectively). Conclusions:The results showed that intraventricular hemorrhage in premature neonates with delayed clamping was less prevalent than those with early clamping, and may be used as a reliable method.
Background:Mother's milk plays an important role in infant's health, and World Health Organization (WHO) recommends infants should be breastfed for 2 years or up.Aim:The main objective of this study was to evaluate the breastfeeding status based on parents’ educational level with comparison between Turkman and non-Turkman ethnic groups in the North of Iran in 2010.Subjects and Methods:This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, which was carried out on 6519 subjects (3897 = non-Turkman and 2622 = Turkman) in urban and rural areas. Data have been collected through interviewing with primary school children's mothers. The schools and students were selected using multi-cluster random sampling methods. Breastfeeding was defined based on WHO predominant definition.Results:Of all mothers, 5.8% (377/6519) breastfed for 6 months, 34.8% (2265/6519) for 7-18 months, 57.4% (3745/6519) for 18-24 months and 2% (132/6519) didn’t breastfeed their infants. Breastfeeding prevalence at 19-24 months in Turkman ethnic group (64.7%; 1696/2622) was significantly more than in non-Turkman ethnic group (52.6%; 2049/3897) (P < 0.01) besides early weaning prevalence (at 6 months) in Turkman group was significantly less than in non-Turkman group (4.7%; 123/2622 vs. 6.5%; 254/3897) (P < 0.01). Odds ratio for weaning before 6 months in non-Turkman mothers were 0.563 (0.365-0.786, confidence interval [CI] 95%) in 1-12 years schooling and 0.665 (0.486-0.910, CI: 95%) in uneducated groups compared to college educated. This ratio in Turkman fathers was 3.413 (1.726-6.746, CI: 95%) in 1-12 years schooling compared with college educated.Conclusion:The duration of breastfeeding was longer among Turkman compared with non-Turkman mothers, and longer duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher educational level in the Turkman but not in the non-Turkman mothers.
Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in the neonatal period. There are few data regarding the pharmacotherapy for the management of TTN. Previous studies documented the therapeutic role for the beta2 agonists in TTN by accelerating the clearance of excessive fluid from the alveolar space. The aim of present study was to assess the effect of salbutamol on major clinical outcomes including duration of oxygen therapy and improvement of respiratory symptoms.
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