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Open mining of non-renewable energy from coal in tropical regions causes land degradation, temperature stress, water stress, high acidity, aluminum toxicity, and other poor soil characteristics. Kranji (Pongamia pinnata)) is an exotic fast-growing species whose tolerance to drought conditions and marginal soils are potential for the revegetation of degraded areas. This research aimed to analyze the effect of coal mining media, watering interval, and their interaction on the growth of kranji seedlings. This research was conducted in October 2015 with a 4-months observations period. The research used a completely randomized factorial design comprising soil media and watering interval. Three soil media treatments comprising secondary forest soil, disposal, and overburden in coal mining media were performed in PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan. The watering interval was every 3 and 7 days. Organic pot made from leaf litter was used as basic treatment in this research, and kranji seedlings were obtained from Banyuwangi Protected Forest. The total chlorophyll, height, diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and top/root ratio parameters were measured. Soil media and watering interval significantly affected the height, shoot dry weight, and top/root ratio of kranji seedlings. The interaction between watering interval and soil media was not significant for all parameters. P. pinnata was tolerance to drought and poor nutrient of post-coal mining soil. Exotic fast-growing species of P. pinnata is suitable for the rehabilitation of post-coal mining land in tropical regions.

A research dealing with the effect of ameliorants on jack bean cultivated in marginal soils i.e. sandy, grumusol, and podsolic soil can be an interesting report. This research was carried out in dry season in 2017, 2018, and 2019 for sandy, grumusol, and podsolic soil respectively. The research relating with the cultivation of jack bean in sandy soil was conducted in sandy beach area of Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta. Whereas, the research dealing with the cultivation of jack bean in grumusol as well as podsolic soil were carried out in Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta. Kinds of ameliorants i.e. chicken, goat, cow, and green manure were used as factor of the treatments. The variables of leaf number, productive branch number, and plant height were observed. Results of the research indicated that the application of chicken manure gave better growth of plant canopy of jack bean in sandy, grumusol, as well as in podsolic soil, except in grumusol soil there were no significantly different of ameliorant application on the productive branch number of the plants.

This study was carried out to examine the production of liquid fertilizer made from goat feces (LFGF) as well as the potency of LFGF for increasing plant growth and yield of vegetables. The study was conducted through 3 studies. The first study was begun with compiling a formulation for LFGF. The selected-raw-material was goat feces added with sugar and ZA, as well as EM (Lactobacillus sp., Actinomycetes sp., Streptomyces sp. and Yeast). The experimental results indicated that an increase in the concentration of ZA resulted in an increase in the total N and S content, as well as an increase EC of LFGF. Increased sugar concentration results in a decrease in pH and an increase in lactic acid content, whereas an increase in ZA decreases the formation of acetic acid. The use of sugar 25 g L−1 water and ZA 50 g L−1 water could produce the best quality of LFGF. The second study was to examine the selected LFGF combined with AB-Mix nutrient solution on the growth and yield of three types of leaf vegetables which were cultivated hydroponically. The results indicated that LFGF can potentially replace AB-Mix fertilizer by up to 50% in hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The third study was to examine the selected LFGF as nutrients availability of mustard that was cultivated in pots, given through planting media with a concentration of 1:40 L−1 water (EC 2300 μS cm−1). It shows that LFGF has the potential to increase the growth and yield of mustard plants in pots.

This study aims to determine the concentration of liquid smoke on the growth and yield of white and red radishes. Knowing the best type of soil by giving the concentration of liquid smoke for the growth and yield of red and white radishes. Knowing the type of radish that gives the best radish growth and yield. The research was carried out at the UPTD Bantul Agricultural Seed Center on Mindi Street, Ngentak Hamlet, Sumberagung Village, Kapanewon Jetis, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta starting in October 2022 - January 2023. This research was a factorial experiment consisting of 3 factors. The first factor is the type of soil, the concentration of liquid smoke, and the type of horseradish. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the Mediterranean soil type treatment gave better results than the red-yellow podzolic soil. Treatment of liquid smoke concentration of 1% and 3% gave the same results. This type of white radish plant gives better growth and yield than the red radish type

The aim of this study was to determine the seed nutrient content and leaf mineral status of jack bean cultivated in grumusol soil treated with bio-fertilizers and soil ameliorants. The research was conducted on marginal land in Playen Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia which is at an altitude of 250 m above sea level. The experimental research was conducted with a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design. The first factor was the type of bio-fertilizers consisting of mycorrhiza and Rhizobium. The second factor was the kind of ameliorants consisting of chicken manure and green manure. The third factor was the dose of bio-fertilizers consisting of 10 g kg-1 seeds, and 20 g kg-1 seeds. Two treatments which were chicken manure and green manure both without bio-fertilizer were used as controls. The results indicated that a combination of green manure and Rhizobium 20 g kg-1 seeds produced the highest protein seed content (28.68 %). The green manure and Rhizobium 10 g kg-1 seeds resulted in the highest carbohydrate seed content (59.98%), while the combination of chicken manure and Rhizobium 10 g kg-1 seeds produced the highest lipid seed content (2.62 %). Moreover, the results indicated that application of chicken manure and mycorrhiza with a dosage of 20 g kg-1 seeds resulted in the highest leaf N content (4.04%), application of green manure and mycorrhiza 20 g kg-1 seeds resulted in the highest leaf P content (0.79%), whereas application of chicken manure and Rhizobium 10 g kg-1 seeds produced the highest leaf K content (1.41%). The application of chicken manure resulted in fewer nodules than green manure application.