The power dissipation characteristics of pulsed power switch reversely switched dynistors (RSDs) are investigated in this paper. According to the expressions of voltage on RSD, derived from the plasma bipolar drift model and the RLC circuit equations of RSD main loop, the simulation waveforms of current and voltage on RSD are acquired through iterative calculation by using the fourth order Runge–Kutta method, then the curve of transient power on RSD versus time is obtained. The result shows that the total dissipation on RSD is trivial compared with the pulse discharge energy and the commutation dissipation can be nearly ignored compared with the quasi-static dissipation. These characteristics can make the repetitive frequency of RSD increase largely. The experimental results prove the validity of simulation calculations. The influence factors on power dissipation are discussed. The power dissipation increases with the increase of the peak current and the n-base width and with the decrease of n-base doping concentration. In order to keep a low power dissipation, it is suggested that the n-base width should be smaller than 320μm when doping concentration is 1.0×1014cm−3 while the doping concentration should be higher than 5.8×1013cm−3 when n-base width is 270μm.
Fruit branch angle (FBA), a pivotal component of cotton plant architecture, is vital for field and mechanical harvesting. However, the molecular mechanism of FBA formation is poorly understood in cotton. To uncover the genetic basis for FBA formation in cotton, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 163 cotton accessions with re-sequencing data. A total of 55 SNPs and 18 candidate genes were significantly associated with FBA trait. By combining GWAS and transcriptome analysis, four genes underlying FBA were identified. An FBA-associated candidate gene Ghi_A09G08736, which is homologous to SAUR46 in Arabidopsis thaliana, was detected in our study. In addition, transcriptomic evidence was provided to show that gravity and light were implicated in the FBA formation. This study provides new insights into the genetic architecture of FBA that informs architecture breeding in cotton.
Based on the controllable plasma layer conversion principle, the new-type semiconductor pulsed power switch reversely switched dynistor (RSD) turns on uniformly and simultaneously over the whole chip area. It has the advantages of high power and high speed at the same time. The blocking, turn-on and turn-off characteristics of RSD are investigated in this paper systematically. The off-state and on-state characteristics get a trade-off by an optimal design method. The equations during turn-on and turn-off process are obtained by analyzing the carrier motion on different conditions. Then two important parameters, the turn-on voltage and reverse recovery time, are calculated. In the single pulse experiment, peak currents of 21.6kA and 42.0kA (pulse widths of 30fJs and 200fJs) are acquired on 20mm and 40mm diameter stacks respectively, which have reached the utmost value. In the repetitive frequency experiment, output waveform of 20Hz is acquired at 4kV with a resonant triggering way.
In the original periodic table of chemical elements, inert gas elements are arranged to the end of each cycle, and more phenomena can be explained by valency based on the combination of inorganic substances. In this paper, a new periodic table of elements is formulated based on retaining the original number of nuclear protons, neutrons and extra nuclear electrons, referring to the square correlation between the direct ratio of sphere area and radius, and some properties of elements. In the new table, it is considered that electrons fill spheres with radius of 1,2,3,4in turn, for example, one electron filling in the first cycle corresponds to one element of hydrogen (H); the radius of the second cycle is 2, sphere area is four times that of the first cycle, then four electrons can be filled, which correspond to four elements of He, Li, Be and B; the number element of the third cycle is square of 3, 9, and so on. The new table can better explain the distribution of certain elements, which is conducive to understanding the characteristics of various elements from another angle and expanding the insight into the micro world.
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